Bronchial asthma remains one of the most common human diseases. The main goal of treating bronchial asthma is to achieve and maintain control over the symptoms of the disease, improve quality of life and reduce future risks. One of the important problems in achieving and maintaining of symptoms control in bronchial asthma is the low adherence of patients to treatment, which leads to severe consequences. Despite the advances made in the treatment of Bronchial asthma, the creation of new modern inhalation devices, a significant number of patients do not comply with medical recommendations. Today, there are many different factors that can affect patients' adherence to treatment. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the factors influencing the level of adherence to treatment of patients with bronchial asthma. Material and methods. 68 people with mild to moderate persistent bronchial asthma between the ages of 22 and 52 were examined. For investigation we used social, clinical and diagnostic, clinical and psychopathological, psychodiagnostic (Moriskiy Medication Adherence Scale, Determination of anxiety by Spielberger–Hanin method, Beck depression test), mathematical and statistical methods. Results and discussion. According to the results of the testing, three groups of patients were identified: 23.53% of patients with high, 27.94% with average and 48.53% with low level of adherence to their assigned treatment. By social factors, a significantly higher level of adherence to prescribed treatment was found in patients who are married, as well as in those with higher education. According to the clinical psychopathological and psycho–diagnostic examination, patients with high levels of adherence to prescribed treatment were dominated by individuals with high levels of personal anxiety and high and moderate levels of depression (p<0.05). Patients with low anxiety and depression generally had low adherence to prescribed treatment (p<0.05). Thus, patients with bronchial asthma exhibited a significantly low adherence to treatment. Conclusion. The level of adherence to the treatment in patients with bronchial asthma was influenced by a variety of factors: social, demographic, economic, health–related, healthcare–related, and treatment–related, especially with their psychological condition, such as the level of personal anxiety and depression. Assessment of the level of adherence to the prescribed treatment of patients with bronchial asthma should be performed at each stage of the provision of medical care using research methods with proven effectiveness.
Keywords: bronchial asthma, adherence to treatment, factors affecting adherence to treatment
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