The use of stem cells and tissue engineering in dentistry is of considerable interest as it provides an innovative approach to the development of material that can be used not only for the production of lost tissues but also for the maintenance of bone tissue regeneration. The purpose of the study was to determine the promising use of tissue bone equivalents based on multipotent mesenchymal fatty tissue cells to heal bone defects. Material and methods. Control groups were formed taking into account the sex and age of animals, in all cases, the boundaries of the biological standard for all tested parameters were clarified. To evaluate the promising use of multipotent mesenchymal cells of adipose tissue, their properties on the model of skull bone defect in rats (Wistar line) were investigated. The operation was performed under general anesthesia in the parietal region of the skull. With the help of a drill we formed holes, with a diameter of 5-6 mm, without damage to the solid cerebellum. Then material was implanted into the formed defect. Determinations of the structural-functional status of bone tissue of experimental animals were performed using the two-photon X-ray densitometer "Prodigy" (GE Medical systems, LUNAR, model 8743, 2005, USA). Statistical computation of numerical values was performed on a computer using standard statistical methods based on which algorithms for calculating the values were input into the table (Linux operating system, MySQL database, Perl programming language) and worked out. Results and discussion. The research results showed that after 30 days of observations, there were osteoplastic properties of the tissue equivalent of bone tissue on the basis of multipotent mesenchymal cells of adipose tissue based on osteogenic differentiation, especially combinations of samples 4 and 6, which provided bone tissue regeneration. It happened on the model defect of the skull bones of laboratory animals. After 2 months of observation, the experimental group animals had the effective regeneration of bone tissue, irrespective of the chosen methods of implantation of multipotent mesenchymal cells of adipose tissue which underwent osteogenic differentiation. It was determined by the decrease of inflammatory reaction and the positive dynamics of values of bone remodeling markers and confirmed by significant improvement of the structural-functional state bone tissue. According to the results of our research, the model defects of bone tissue of the skull of rats demonstrated the suitability of the investigated implants, especially when combined with samples 4 and 6, which ensured the complete closure of the defect for 90 days. Conclusion. The data of the conducted research emphasize and confirmed the important role of multipotent mesenchymal cells of adipose tissue as a perspective biomaterial. This will promote the development of the newest technologies of reconstructive biomedicine, as well as modern ways of reconstructive osteogenesis in cell and tissue engineering.

Keywords: multipotent mesenchymal cells of adipose tissue, mineral density of bone tissue, mineral saturation bone tissue

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 228K

1. Coleman SR, Mazzola RF, Q L, Lee Pu. Fat Injection: from filling to regeneration. 2nd ed. New York: CRC Press; 2016. 900 p.
2. Mazurkevych AI, Maliuk MO, Tkachenko SM, Kharkevych, YuO. Study of biocompatibility of hemostatic sponges with thebarrel cages of marrow of rabbit during cultivation of in vitro. Bulletin of the Sumy National Agrarian University. 2015; 1(34): 7–11.
3. Aggarwal S, Pittenger MF. Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses. Blood. 2015; 105: 1815–22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15494428. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-04-1559
4. Augello A, Tasso R, Negrini SM, Amateis A, Indiveri F, Cancedda R, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells inhibit lymphocyte proliferation by activation of the programmed death 1 pathway. Eur J Immunol. 2013; 43: 1482–90. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15827960. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425405
5. Mangashetti LS, Khapli SM, Wani MR. IL-4 inhibits bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts by affecting NF-kappa B and Ca2+ signaling. J Immunol. 2017; 175: 917–25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16002690. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.917
6. Quarto R, Mastrogiacomo M, Cancedda R, Kutepov SM, Mukhachev V, Lavroukov A, et al. Repair of large bone defects with the use of autologous bone marrow stromal cells. N Engl J Med. 2011; 344 (5): 385–6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11195802. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200102013440516
7. Roodman GD. Role of cytokines in the regulation of bone resorption. Calcif Tissue Int. 2013; 1 (61): 94–8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8275387. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01673412
8. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science. 2015; 284: 143–7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102814. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5411.143
9. Gimble J, Guilak F. Adipose-derived adult stem cells: isolation, characterization, and differentiation potential. Cytotherapy. 2013; 5: 362–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14578098. https://doi.org/10.1080/14653240310003026
10. Yamanaka S. Pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 2016; 363(1500): 2079–87. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18375377. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2610180. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.2261
11. Amabile G, Meissner A. Induced pluripotent stem cells: current progress and potential for regenerative medicine. Trends in Molecular Medicine. 2014; 15(2): 59–68. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19162546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2008.12.003
12. Friedenstein AJ, Petrakova KV, Kurolesova AI, Frolova GP. Heterotopic of bone marrow.Analysis of precursor cells for osteogenic and hematopoietic tissues. Transplantation. 2014; 6: 230–47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5654088
13. Planat-Benard V, Silvestre JS, Cousin B, André M, Nibbelink M, Tamarat R, et al. Plasticity of human adipose lineage cells toward endothelial cells: physiological and therapeutic perspectives. Circulation. 2010; 109(5): 656–63. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14734516. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000114522.38265.61