Lesions of the oral mucosa may be a sign of systemic human diseases. Most of manifested in the oral cavity diseases are benign, but it is necessary to differentiate them from more serious diseases. Dentists should know the manifestations and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, among which are viral infections, especially highly contagious, which include hand-foot-and-mouth disease. In order to prevent its spread and to identify in time possible complications, dentist should have deep knowledge about it. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral infectious disease caused by various enteroviruses. Viruses of the genus Enterovirus are RNA genomic. It is necessary to know the main stages of the reproduction of RNA genomic viruses in the human body. 1. Adsorption on a cell (adhesion) – an interaction between specific receptors of virions and surface molecules of sensitive cells. 2. Penetration into the cell and "undressing" can be carried out in two ways: endocytosis and translocation. 3. The synthesis of viral particles of RNA-viruses (translation) – as a result specific proteins for viral replication are synthesized. 4. Complete assembly of RNA-viruses. 5. Release of daughter virions from the cell. The source of infection can be both a sick person and a virus carrier. Asymptomatic carriage can last for weeks, sometimes months. The most intense pathogen is released in the first days of the disease. The predominant morbidity of children speaks about the high natural susceptibility of a human. For diseases, which are caused by enteroviruses, polymorphism of clinical manifestations is specific. In most cases, the violation of the general condition is insignificant and the course of the disease is benign. The initial phase is usually followed by enanthema and erythematous, papular or vesicular lesions of the skin, localized mainly on the palms and soles, as well as vesicles in the oral cavity. Enanthema usually precedes the appearance of a skin rash. Oral lesions may occur without skin symptoms. Diagnosis of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis is based on anamnestic and clinical data. There are many diagnostic tests available, but PCR of throat and vesicular fluid swabs, if available, is one of the most effective. After an illness, in most cases, immunity is formed, the possibility of developing cross-immunity to other types of the virus is not excluded
Keywords: hand-foot-and-mouth disease, clinical manifestations, diagnostics
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