In neurodegenerative diseases, encephalography is one of the most common methods for studying the integrative activity of the human brain, since this method is informative and non-invasive, reflects the state of the brain, allows you to identify the localization of damage and also serves as a control over the dynamics of the disease during physical therapy. Development of methods physical therapy of non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease is extremely relevant given the fact that drug treatment of this pathology is not effective enough. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the developed complex of rehabilitation methods for physical therapy of Parkinson's disease (physical therapy, massage, manual therapy in combination with hirudotherapy and apitherapy) in patients according to encephalography, as well as to identify correlation between changes in clinical and encephalographic indicators when using physical therapy. Material and methods. The study of the condition of patients was carried out according to the anamnesis, electroencephalographic studies and scales for assessing Parkinson's disease. Special spectral analysis of the electroencephalography was performed in different leads and ranges. The condition of the patients was assessed by analyzing the indicators of the scale for assessing the symptoms of Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale and daily Swab-England activity. All patients received a complex of physical therapy: exercise therapy, in the form of individual and group exercises with static and dynamic exercises in aerobic mode, pneumatic vacuum back massage, manual therapy, hirudotherapy and apitherapeutic agents. Results and discussion. Changes in electroencephalography of indicators after the use of physical therapy were observed in different frequency ranges in all patients. Quite clear is a decrease in the power of delta activity in the anterior and posterior leads in all three groups of patients. When analyzing the dynamics of the indicators of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale during the course use of physical therapy in all examined patients, highly reliable results of improving the condition of patients were obtained. An analysis of the indicators of the Schwab-England daily activity scale before and after a course of physical therapy revealed a positive trend in all groups of patients. The parameters of encephalography in men and women were slightly different. The most noticeable were the differences between these groups of patients in terms of delta rhythm power. Thus, in men in the front leads, the delta rhythm power was higher, and in the rear leads it was lower. The gender factor significantly affects the structure of the correlation between the effectiveness of physical therapy and encepholography data. In the group of men, the dynamics of the values of the total score of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale correlated with a decrease in the ratio of power in the anterior and posterior leads for the delta rhythm. The correlation between the decrease in the total score of Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale and the decrease in delta and theta 2 rhythms in the front leads turned out to be quite high. In the group of women, a decrease in the total Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale score correlated with a decrease in the delta rhythm in the posterior and a decrease in theta 1 rhythm in the anterior lead. The decrease in delta activity under the influence of physical therapy in the studied groups of patients, apparently, reflects the normalizing effect of the complex of physical therapy that we developed on the functional activity of the brain. The data obtained also indicate the influence of gender on the structure of correlation between changes in clinical parameters and encephalography parameters. Conclusion. Subjective and objective clinical improvement in patients with non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease after a course of physical therapy highly reliably correlates with positive dynamics according to electroencephalography, which allows us to recommend the developed complex of physical therapy for the effective treatment of Parkinson's disease in clinical institutions of a rehabilitation and sanatorium-preventive profile.
Keywords: physical therapy, electroencephalography, Parkinson's disease
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