ISSN 2415-3060 (print), ISSN 2522-4972 (online)
  • 53 of 57
Up
УЖМБС 2020, 5(1): 336–342
https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.01.336
Biology

Biochemical Blood Parameters of Students in the Pre-Exam Period of Study

Kuchmenko O. 1,2, Petryuk S. 1, Mkhitaryan L. 1,2, Drobotko T. 2, Mostovyak M. 1,2
Abstract

During the training, students are exposed to stress factors. In this case, physiological adaptation mechanisms are included. The purpose of this work was to study the biochemical parameters in the blood of students in preparation for exams. Determination of their possible biochemical manifestations of the influence of stress factors. We researched almost healthy students and examined their common biochemical parameters. They characterized the functional state of individual organs and systems. Material and methods. We studied the content of products of free radical oxidation of proteins, lipids, the activity of paraoxonase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, and indicators of the activity of systemic inflammation. Results and discussion. These studies showed that biochemical indicators of individual organs and systems functioning did not go beyond the reference values. The metabolic rate of students did not differ from the reference values. The subjects showed a significant decrease in the activity of paraoxonase-1, which determines the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and anti-atherogenic properties of high density lipoproteins. There was also an increased content of free radical lipid peroxidation products. They acted as biomarkers of damage. By their content, one can evaluate the intensity of the course of free radical processes. This indicates the formation of intoxication syndrome, an increase in the atherogenic potential of the blood. The activity of the enzyme link of the antioxidant defense system was reduced. A pronounced activation of the processes of free radical oxidation of protein molecules was observed. In this case, protein peroxidation was the trigger of pathological processes. It is also the earliest indicator of oxidative stress. The established changes reflected the general reaction of the body of the subjects. They indicated the formation of oxidative stress which involved lipid and protein components. The antioxidant defense mechanism was inhibited, aimed at reducing the level of reactive oxygen species and products of free radical oxidation of macromolecules. Conclusion. The results of the study indicated the presence of signs of oxidative stress in the body of students in preparation for exams. These changes indicated the formation of intoxication syndrome. Atherogenic potential of blood increased. The initiation and progression of atherogenic damage to various vascular pools in the body was possible. Thus, these students can be attributed to the risk group for the occurrence of vascular pathology.

Keywords: biochemical indicators, students, oxidative stress

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 213K

References
  1. Sele G. Stress bez dystressa. M: Progress; 1982. 124 s. [Russian]
  2. Solovev VN. Adaptatsyya studentov k uchebnomu protsessu v vysshey shkole. Abstr. Dr. Sci. (Med.). Yzhevsk; 2003. 46 s. [Russian]
  3. Tsyrkyn VY, Trukhyna SY. Fyzyologycheskye osnovy psykhycheskoy deyatelnosty y povedenyya cheloveka. M: Medytsynskaya knyga; 2001. 524 s. [Russian]
  4. Faustov AS, Shcherbatykh YuV. Korrektsyya urovnya ekzamenatsyonnogo stressa u studentov kak faktor uluchshenyya ykh zdorovya y povyshenyya kachestva podgotovky medytsynskykh rabotnykov. Zdravookhranenye Rossyyskoy Federatsyy. 2001; 3: 38-9. [Russian]
  5. Karbuzova VA, Shamylova NV. Uchebnyy stress u studentov gumanytarnykh spetsyalnostey. Molodoy uchenyy. 2018; 21: 451-4. [Russian]
  6. Gryban VG. Valeologiya. Pidruchnyk. K: Tsentr navchalnoyi literatury; 2008. 214 s. [Ukrainian]
  7. Kyseleva EV, Akutyna SP. Stress u studentov v protsesse uchebno-professyonalnoy podgotovky: prychyny y posledstvyya. Molodoy uchenyy. 2017; 6: 417-9. [Russian]
  8. Dubynyna EE, Burmystrov SO, Khodov DA. Okyslytelnaya modyfykatsyya belkov krovy cheloveka: metod opredelenyya. Voprosy med khymyy. 1995; 41: 24−6. [Russian]
  9. Stalnaya YD, Garyshvyly TG. Metod opredelenyya malonovogo dyaldegyda s pomoshchyu tyobarbyturovoy kysloty. In: Sovremennye metody v byokhymyy. Pod red VN Orekhovycha. M: Medytsyna; 1977. p. 66–8. [Russian]
  10. Patent 30972, Ukraine, МПК: G01N 33/68, G01N 33/92, A61P 9/10. Method for diagnostics of progressive atherosclerosis / Yevstratova IN, Mkhitaryan LS, Orlova NM, Kazimirko EI, Fedun NM, Dobrotko TF (UA); opubl 15/12/2000/ Byul № 2. [Ukrainian]
  11. Korolyuk MA, Yvanova MY. Metod opredelenyya aktyvnosty katalazy. Lab delo. 1988; 1: 16–8. [Russian]
  12. Misra HP, Fridovich I. Role of Superoxide anion in the autooxidation of epinephrine. A simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem. 1972; 247(10): 3170–5.
  13. Manolescu BN, Berteanu M, Cinteza D. Effect of the nutritional supplement ALAnerv® on the serum PON1 activity in post-acute stroke patients. Pharmacological Reports. 2013; 65: 743–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1734-1140(13)71054-5
  14. Gorudko YV, Kostevych VA, Sokolov AV, y dr. Povyshennaya aktyvnost myeloperoksydazy – faktor ryska yshemycheskoy bolezny serdtsa u bolnykh sakharnym dyabetom. Byomed khymyya. 2012; 58(4): 475–84. [Russian]
  15. Snell FD, Snell ST. Colorimetric method of analysis. NY: Van Nostard; 1954. p. 153–5.
  16. Marini JC. Interrelationships between glutamine and citrul line metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2016; 19(1): 62–6. PMID: 26560519. PMCID: PMC4712452. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000233
  17. Mkhitaryan LS, Kuchmenko OB, Yevstratova IN, Lipkan NG, Vasylynchuk NM, Drobotko TF. Tsytrulin yak marker funktsionalnogo stanu organiv za umov patologichnykh staniv. Ukrayinskyi kardiologichnyi zhurnal. 2016; 3: 109–15. [Ukrainian]
  18. Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Oxidative stress. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2010; 25(3): 287-99. PMID: 21130690. PMCID: PMC3101336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.016
  19. Packer L, Cadenas E. Oxidant and antioxidant revisited. New concept of oxidative stress. Free Rad Research. 2007; 9: 951-2. PMID: 17729110. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760701490975
  20. Kovalenko VM, Kuchmenko OB, Mkhitaryan LS. Molekulyarno-genetychni osoblyvosti funktsionuvannya paraoksonazy ta yiyi znachennya v rozvytku sertsevo-sudynnoyi patologiyi. Ukr kardiol zhurnal. 2014; 5: 105–16. [Ukrainian]
  21. Mangge H. Beyond cholesterol – new cardiovascular biomarkers. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2016; 84: 81–8.
  22. Razavi AE, Basati G, Varshosaz J, Abdi S. Association between HDL particles size and myeloperoxidase/paraoxonase-1 (MPO/PON1) ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Acta Medica Iranica. 2013; 51(6): 365–71.
  23. Sapryn AN, Kalynyna EV. Okyslytelnyi stress y ego rol v mekhanyzmakh apoptoza y razvytyya patologycheskykh protsessov. Usp byol khymyi. 1999; 39: 289–326. [Russian]
  24. Dubynyna EE, Pustygyna AV. Okyslytelnaya modyfykatsyya proteynov, ee rol pry patologycheskykh sostoyanyyakh. Ukr biokhim zhurnal. 2008; 80(6): 5–18. [Russian]
  25. Winterbourn CC, Buss IH, Chan TP, Plank LD, Clark MA, Windsor JA. Protein carbonyl measurements show evidence of early oxidative stress in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2000; 28(1): 275–9. PMID: 10667514. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200001000-00024
  26. de Vries MA, Alipour A, Birnie E, Westzaan A, van Santen S, van der Zwan E, et al. Coronary leukocyte activation in relation to progression of coronary artery disease. Front Med. 2016; 10(1): 85–90. PMID: 26831871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-016-0435-1
  27. Libby P. Fanning the flames: inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Research. 2015; 107: 307–9. PMID: 26122944. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvv188
  28. Sokolenko VL, Sokolenko SV. Pokaznyky lipidnogo profilyu ta intensyvnosti okysnykh protsesiv v osib, yaki zaznaly prolongovanogo vplyvu malykh doz radiatsiyi. Ukr Biochem J. 2019; 91(3): 99-106. [Ukrainian]
  29. Ridker PM. C-reactive protein and the prediction of cardiovascular events among those at intermediate risk: moving an inflammatory hypothesis toward consensus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 49: 2129–38. PMID: 17531663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.052
  30. Dinh QN, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Chrissobolis S. Roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction in hypertension. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014: 406960. PMID: 25136585. PMCID: PMC4124649. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/406960
  31. Solak Y, Afsar B, Vaziri ND, Aslan G, Yalcin CE, Covic A, et al. Hypertension as an autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Hypertens Res. 2016 Aug; 39(8): 567-73. PMID: 27053010. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2016.35