The problems of comorbid pathology on the background of diabetes mellitus are becoming more topical every year and are attracting the attention of many scientists and clinicians, because of the steady increase in the incidence and complications rate. Despite the advances of modern medicine, the prevalence of metabolic disorders is constantly increasing. The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with disorders of the hepatobiliary system, and therefore finding of new diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms is not only a national but also a worldwide strategy. The particular interest of researchers is attracted to fibroblast growth factor, which has regulatory effects on carbohydrate metabolism homeostasis, as well as on enterohepatic regulation of bile acid homeostasis. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the level of fibroblast growth factor-19, and also to evaluate the influence of comorbid course of type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic cholecystitis on the activity of this marker. Material and methods. A total of 70 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were examined in the «Regional Clinical Hospital» (Kharkiv, Ukraine). The main group included 37 patients with a combination of type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic cholecystitis (mean age 57.63±1.29 years). The comparison group consisted of 33 patients without biliary pathology (mean age 55.46±1.19 years). Groups were comparable in age and gender. The duration of type 2 diabetes ranged from 1 to 19 years. The determination of fibroblast growth factor-19 was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BioVendor reagent kit, Czech Republic). Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed by using the software package BioStat Professional 5.8.4, Statistica 6.0, Microsoft Excel. The data were presented as mean values and the error of the mean. Statistical significance of various mean values was determined by F-Fisher’s criterion. Results and discussion. The duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the decrease of fibroblast growth factor-19 activity, especially when there is a combined course of type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic cholecystitis, which is suggestive of negative impact of the long existing metabolic disorders on the functioning of the intestine, the development of autonomic neuropathy, resulting in a violation of the synthesis of fibroblast growth factor-19, particularly in patients with biliary pathology. This effect may be due to the influence of glucose homeostasis disorders on the fibroblast growth factor receptor, which causes resistance to fibroblast growth factor. Conclusion. There is a decrease of fibroblast growth factor-19 activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, if the disease is more than 5 years, compared with patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not exceeding 5 years. The presence of comorbid of type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic cholecystitis is characterized by the significant decrease of fibroblast growth factor-19 activity, what indicating the negative impact of the long existing metabolic disorders and the presence of the biliary pathology. Possible perspectives include the analysis of age and gender characteristics of the fibroblast growth factor-19 dynamics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in those with comorbid chronic cholecystitis
Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, biliary pathology, fibroblast growth factor 19
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