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УЖМБС 2020, 5(1): 21–28
https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.01.021
Medicine. Reviews

Functional Body Reserves as an Indicator of the Regulatory Processes Effectiveness ensuring the Body Adaptation to the Environmental Factors

Marakushin D. I., Chernobay L. V., Isaeva I. M., Karmazina I. S., Vashchuk M. A., Alekseenko R. V., Bulinina A. D., Zelenskaya G. M.
Abstract

Currently, preventive medicine is the basis of the healthcare system of the developed countries of the world, and investments in this direction are recognized as the most effective among all investments in the health industry. At the same time, when talking about prevention, one must keep in mind that this is not only a strategy for preventing the development of diseases as such, but also a promotion of health, that is, maintaining and strengthening it, as well as early prenosological diagnosis of the state of health. According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, the functioning of an organism is considered to be a complex interaction between an individual’s state of health, environmental factors and personal factors. The main goal of the analysis of the functional state of the body is the integration of physical, mental and social aspects of the state of health, that is, this approach allows us to consider functioning as an integrative indicator of human health at the level of the body, its adaptive behavior in social situations, taking into account the influence of environmental factors. That is, the current life requirements require a new strategy for the preventive direction, in particular primary prevention, which provides not only for the prevention of a disease formation in a healthy person and for the prevention of a disease development, but also for early prenosological diagnosis of the functional body state. This article analyzes the current view on the quantitative and qualitative assessment of human health based on the characteristics of autonomous regulation in the process of adaptation to environmental factors, assesses the current state of students' health. It also analyzes world trends in diagnosing health conditions and predicting the development of maladaptation disorders. The purpose of the work was to analyze literature data on methods for assessing the functional body reserves as an indicator of the regulatory processes effectiveness ensuring the body adaptation to the environmental factors. The general adaptation syndrome (G. Selye, 1936) is known as a universal response of the body to stressful influences of any nature and manifests itself in the same way, in the form of mobilization of the functional reserves of the body providing the system’s power reserve under conditions of inadequate factors on the body and, therefore, reducing the initial level of functioning. Conclusion. Therefore, it is important to consider the state of the functional body reserves in predicting, diagnosing and preventing the development of pathological conditions. A comparison of the physiological effects of environmental factors of various nature (climatic, occupational, social, and psychological) showed that when the reactions in response to each of these factors were peculiar, they overlapped and potentiated effects, which must be taken into account when studying the level of functional reserves and making a scientifically based forecast for the possibility of developing pathological conditions.

Keywords: functional body reserves, indicators of the regulatory processes effectiveness, adaptation, the influence of environmental factors

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