Chronic renal insufficiency involves dyscrasia, caused by the irrevocable weight loss of the active nephrons, which is accompanied by hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Placental preparations are successfully applied in treatment of various diseases. The ultrastructural changes in the adrenocorticocytes and the level of cell saturation with lipids will allow assessing the range of the aldosterone secretion. The purpose of the study was to research the cell fine structures in the adrenal cortex of the zona glomerulosa in the rats with chronic renal insufficiency following injection of the allogenic placental cryoextract and application of a medicated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocking. Material and methods. Toxic renal insufficiency was modelled in white outbred rats by intramuscular injections of a 50%-glycerol aqueous solution at a dose of 10 ml per 1 mg of the body weight. Animals were divided into 4 groups: the 1st group included rats with a modeled chronic renal insufficiency; the 2nd group had rats with a modeled chronic renal insufficiency, where rats were injected with a rat placental cryoextract at a dose of 0.5 ml thrice a week; the 3rd group encompassed rats with a modeled chronic renal insufficiency with a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocking by oral introduction of Enap and spironolactone suspensions at a dose of 0.5 ml (10 mg Enap + 200 mg spironolactone in 30 ml normal saline) for 2 weeks, starting from the second week after glycerol injections; the 4th group had rats with a modeled chronic renal insufficiency with a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocking and simultaneous placental cryoextract injections in the above doses. The intact rats were used as control ones. The experiments were closed in 8 weeks after glycerol injections. The ultrastructure of cells was studied with a PEM-125K electron microscope (manufactured by Selmi JSC). The thickness values of the zona glomerulosa were measured in the adrenal gland semifine sections. The levels of sodium and potassium ions were taken in blood and urine serum by emission flame photometry. Results and discussion. Under fabricated chronic renal insufficiency the adrenal cortex demonstrated functional and ultrastructural signs of intensification of the processes of the aldosterone synthesis and secretion, which were manifested by a hypertrophy of the endoplasmic reticulum and swelling of the mitochondria, formation of the myelin-like structures in them and appearance of the complexes of the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and liposomes. A significant increase in the thickness values of the adrenal cortex of the zona glomerulosa and improvement in the electrolyte metabolism up to the control levels became evident in all the animals, treated with a medicated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocking and following rat placental cryoextract injections, compared with the untreated animals. Conclusions. A medicated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocking had reduced morphological symptoms of steroidogenesis activation in the adrenal cortex by the 8th week of chronic renal insufficiency. A combined application of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocking and rat placental cryoextract injections brought normalization of the adrenocorticocyte ultrastructures.
Keywords: chronic renal insufficiency, adrenal glands, placental cryoextract, ultrastructure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Full text: PDF (Ua) 624K