Recent studies have shown that diabetic patients often have skeletal diseases. Therefore, the nature of changes in bone tissue during hyperglycemia is an important subject of research today. During hyperglycemia, a decrease in bone mineral density is observed, which can lead to its fracture. This can be explained by the fact that high blood glucose levels are associated with an increase in urinary calcium excretion, which leads to its negative balance. The purpose of the study was to establish pronounced structural changes in rats of all ages on the basis of anatomical, histological, morphometric, and statistical research methods. Material and methods. The experiment was performed on 36 white laboratory rats of different ages. Hyperglycemia was modeled using a solution of alloxan. Results and discussion. As a result of the development of hyperglycemia, a change in the structural indicators of the long tubular bones of rats of different ages was observed. On the 30th day we recorded pronounced structural changes in the epiphyseal cartilage of young rats, the number of proliferative columns in the proliferation zone decreased. In the cortical layer, we found pronounced resorption of the surface of the periosteum with the formation of different size and shape of cavities. There was also a pronounced resorption of the periosteum of the cortical layer, which is significant in terms of the occurrence of fractures due to the loss of cortex thickness. The decrease in the density of bone trabeculae was probably caused by a violation of the mechanism of hypertrophy of chondrocytes and the subsequent impossibility of mineralization of these areas. Conclusion. The diaphysis revealed a change in the diameter of the osteons and their channels. The level of glucose in the blood and urine throughout the experiment was quite high, which indicates the development of chronic hyperglycemia. The results and timing of the experiment showed that the degree of the obtained changes depended on the age of the animals and the duration of the experiment.
Keywords: alloxan, long tubular bones, metaphysis, microscopic structure, organ histostructures
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