ISSN 2415-3060 (print), ISSN 2522-4972 (online)
  • 46 of 49
Up
УЖМБС 2019, 4(4): 294–300
https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs04.04.294
Biology

The Influence of Baikal Skullcap on Carbohydrate Metabolism of Rats Subjected to Adrenaline Stress

Shkurashivska S. V., Ersteniuk H. M.
Abstract

Medications from the roots of Baikal skullcap have antihypertensive, vasodilatory, antispasmodic and sedative effects, surpassing the therapeutic effect of the valerian root. Infusion of a cayenne is basically similar to the infusion of the dog nettle, suppressing the central nervous system (but twice as active), has a hypotensive and sedative effect, and contributes to a decrease in tension in physical and mental fatigue. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of Baikal skullcap extract on the indices of carbohydrate metabolism of rats with adrenaline model of stress. Material and methods. Five groups of animals were investigated: I – control, which were injected with 0.9% of NaCl solution; II – animals injected with adrenaline twice in dose of 0.05 mg/kg body mass with 1 h interval between injections followed by sampling 30 min afterward; III – animals injected twice with adrenaline and twice with Baikal skullcap extract in dose 0.3 ml/kg followed by sampling 30 min afterward; IV – animals, which were injected with adrenaline followed by sampling 24 hours afterward; V – animals injected twice with adrenaline and twice with Baikal skullcap followed by sampling 24 hours afterward. Results and discussion. The level of glucose dropped one day after adrenaline injection in blood, liver, and muscles of studied rats. The effect was not observed in case of concomitant injection of Baikal skullcap extract. Moreover, the extract resulted in a rise of glucose level in muscles one day after adrenaline injection. Adrenaline led to a decrease in pyruvate concentration in blood and muscles. Baikal skullcap extract abrogated this effect for blood and mitigated it for muscles. Lactate level went up in all tissues investigated one day after adrenaline injection. Extract of Baikal skullcap attenuated this effect for liver and muscles and aggravated it for blood. Adrenaline increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase in blood and decreased it in liver. Concomitant injection of adrenaline and Baikal skullcap extract led to substantial increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity in blood. The increase of lactate dehydrogenase activity in the blood after injection of the skullcap extract in all sampling periods can be mediated by an influence of one the skullcap components, vogonin, that, in turn, can affect induction of enzyme synthesis, in the liver and enhance intensity of metabolic processes. Conclusions. The extract of the Baikal skullcap weakens the effect of adrenaline on the carbohydrate metabolism, which is confirmed by the level of glucose, lactate and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in muscles, liver and blood. The anti-stress effect has a dose-dependent temporal character, which is most pronounced in two-time administration after 24 hours.

Keywords: adrenaline stress, carbohydrate metabolism, lactate dehydrogenase, Baikal skullcap, rats

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 344K

References
  1. Liu J, Hou J, Jiang C, Li G, Lu H, Meng F, Shi L. Deep sequencing of the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi transcriptome reveals flavonoid biosynthetic profiling and organ-specific gene expression. PLoS One. 2015; 10(8): e0136397. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26317778. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4552754. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136397
  2. Wasowski C, Marder M. Flavonoids as GABAA receptor ligands: the whole story? J Exp Pharmacol. 2012; 4: 9-24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27186113. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4863311. https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S23105
  3. Çiçek SS. Structure-dependent activity of natural GABA(A) receptor modulators. Molecules. 2018; 23(7): pii: E1512. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29932138. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6100244. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071512
  4. Chang HH, Yi PL, Cheng CH, Lu CY, Hsiao YT, Tsai YF, et al. Biphasic effects of baicalin, an active constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, in the spontaneous sleep-wake regulation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 135(2): 359-68. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21419210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.023
  5. Wolfson P, Hoffmann DL. An investigation into the efficacy of Scutellaria lateriflora in healthy volunteers. Altern Ther Health Med. 2003; 9(2): 74-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12652886
  6. Weeks BS. Formulations of dietary supplements and herbal extracts for relaxation and anxiolytic action: Relarian. Med Sci Monit. 2009; 15(11): RA256-62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19865069
  7. Voronova AM, Toloknova EA. Shlemnik bajkal'skij kak gipotenzivnoe sredstvo. In: Novye lechebnye rastenija Sibiri ih preparaty: sb nauch-issl rabot. Tomsk: Izd-vo Tom gos un-ta. 1946; 2: 41-5. [Russian]
  8. Brock C, Whitehouse J, Tewfik I, Towell T. American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora): an ancient remedy for today’s anxiety? British Journal of Wellbeing. 2013; 1(4): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjow.2010.1.4.49168
  9. Zapadnjuk IP, Zapadnjuk VI, Zaharija EA, et al. Laboratornye zhivotnye. Razvedenie, soderzhanie, ispol'zovanie v jeksperimente; 3rd edition. K: Vishcha shkola; 1983. 383 p. [Russian]
  10. Chen MH, Lu JY, Xie L, Zheng JH, Song FQ. What is the optimal dose of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model? Am J Emerg Med. 2010; 28(3): 284-90. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.11.023
  11. Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Union. 2010; L273: 33-79.
  12. Xie JT, Wang CZ, Li XL, Ni M, Fishbein A, Yuan CS. Anti-diabetic effect of American ginseng may not be linked to antioxidant activity: comparison between American ginseng and Scutellaria baicalensis using an ob/ob mice model. Fitoterapia. 2009; 80(5): 306-11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19358881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2009.04.001
  13. Kusaka M, Ui M. Activation of the Cori cycle by epinephrine. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1977; 232(2): E145-55. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/842622. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1977.232.2. E 145
  14. Kolnes AJ, Birk JB, Eilertsen E, Stuenæs JT, Wojtaszewski JF, Jensen J. Epinephrine-stimulated glycogen breakdown activates glycogen synthase and increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in epitrochlearis muscles. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 308(3): E231-40. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25465888. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00282.2014
  15. Kuroda H, Kawamura G, Soya M, Kitamura T, Ichinohe T, Yamada Y. Impact of epinephrine contained in local anesthetic solution on serum lactate level during orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017; 75(8): 1637-42. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28237652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2017.01.030
  16. Stallknecht B, Vissing J, Galbo H. Lactate production and clearance in exercise. Effects of training. A mini-review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998; 8(3): 127-31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9659671
  17. Lee HH, Yang LL, Wang CC, Hu SY, Chang SF, Lee YH. Differential effects of natural polyphenols on neuronal survival in primary cultured central neurons against glutamate- and glucose deprivation-induced neuronal death. Brain Res. 2003; 986(1-2): 103-13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(03)03197-4