The last-year scientific data claims the efficiency of extracorporeal shock wave therapy, as method of physical stimulation on postoperative bone defects healing. Furthermore, majority of that data is based on quality evaluation of results of radiological and morphological investigations only. The purpose of study was experimental dynamics evaluation of structural changes of tissues in postoperative hollow bone defects area under extracorporeal shock wave therapy, based on quantity characteristics. Material and methods. The study was performed according to bioethical principles approved on local ethics committee. 18 mature male rabbits aged from 6 months were stratified as follows: healing of postoperative bone defect under blood clot with applications of extracorporeal shock wave therapy was performed in the main group; healing under blood clot only was performed in the control group. Under combined anesthesia via intraoral semilunar crestal approach bilaterally on area of mandible’s diastema were modeled hollow bone defects, limited with lingual and vestibular cortical plates. Muco-periosteal flaps were mobilized; wounds were sutured to get primary healing of mucosa. Three-time extracorporeal shock wave therapy was applied in area of bone defects on mandible in main group with one-week interval. Animals were sacrificed on the 15th, 45th and 90th day. Histomorphometry was performed using ImageJ application. Microphotographs with 40-x magnification were used for evaluation of tissue ratio in modeled bone defects. We measured the area of subperiosteal, medial and basal defect’s regions in intracortical space. Then we measured the total area of separate tissues as soft connective tissue, blood vessels, osteoid and cancellous bone and presented as relative-to-defect area. Results and discussion. We observed gradual increase of cancellous bone with osteoid area decrease in all postoperative bone defects regions in the main group. Between 45th and 90th days of investigation, the area of bone tissue in medial and basal thirds increased not significantly. However, gradual decrease of osteoid area was statistically significant. In the area of blood vessels, we observed significant difference among groups, and no investigated thirds or evaluation time. Tissue ratio of postoperative bone defects area in control group had no difference along all investigation period, mostly presented by soft connective tissue with poor separate osseous areas. Conclusion. Tissues in postoperative bone defects area in animals, who received extracorporeal shock wave therapy, were more mature and histologically close to intact tissues comparing to postoperative bone defects healed under blood clot only.
Keywords: bone defects, maxillofacial area, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, morphometry
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