Antibacterial therapy, and especially the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, partially or completely suppresses not only pathogenic, but also normal microflora, which is the cause of various functional disorders of the intestinal tract. The questions concerning the morphological and functional state of structured lymphatic epithelial formations of the intestinal tract, of which the most representative group lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches), are extremely insufficiently and contradictory, have been studied. The purpose of the research was to study Peyer’s patches of the small intestine of white rats after taking clarithromycin using immunohistochemical analysis methods. Material and Methods. 30 mature albino mature male rats weighted 200.0±20.0 g were involved into the experiment. A broad-spectrum antibiotic (clarithromycin, 500 mg tablets, the dose was 10 mg/kg) was administered to animals orally with food in the regime of their two-time feeding per day (morning and evening), for 10 days. After vivisection, selective excision of sections of the mesenteric part of the small intestine with Peyer’s patches was performed. Immunohistochemical studies were performed in the «Prime Test» laboratory at the Department of Pathological Anatomy Kharkov Institute of Postgraduate Education. A complex of morphological studies was carried out on a Primo Star microscope (Carl Zeiss) using the AxioCam program (ERc 5s). Results and discussion. The study demonstrated that after the course administration of clarithromycin, the changes consisted in a decrease in B and T lymphocytes in the correspondingly dependent zones, and an increase in their number in the intermediate zones between the lymphoid nodules. The effect of clarithromycin on the intestinal microflora is associated with an increase in the number of plasmocytes, macrophages and classical dendritic cells in Peyer’s patches, as well as the appearance of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The action of the antibiotic leads to the phagocytic activation of enterocytes in the lymphoid-associated epithelium of Peyer’s patches. Conclusion. The results of immunohistochemical analysis confirm our previous conclusion that clarithromycin, as an antibacterial drug with a wide spectrum of action, has pronounced immunostimulating properties.

Keywords: white rats, Peyer’s patches, clarithromycin, immunohistochemical analysis

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