ISSN 2415-3060 (print), ISSN 2522-4972 (online)
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УЖМБС 2020, 5(2): 64–69
https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.02.064
Experimental Medicine

The Neuroprotective Aspect of the Anti-stress Effect of Allopurinol and its Metabolic Correlates

Kratenko A. S., Nikolenko E. Y., Vovk K. V., Belyaeva L. V., Martynenko M. V., Algurabi Madjid Sabri
Abstract

One of the risk factors contributing to the emergence of a number of psychosomatic diseases is emotional stress. The positive effects of the complex use of allopurinol with antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of severe forms of epilepsy were described. The pharmacological load of tryptophan and allopurinol in patients with epilepsy causes hypnogenic effects in the daytime and a tendency to normalize the duration and periodicity of sleep at night, as well as the normalization of EEG in 85.7% of patients. Allopurinol is also recognized as effective in suppressing the craving for alcohol and for eliminating the manifestations of a neurological symptom complex in alcohol-withdrawal syndrome. In the experiment, allopurinol eliminates the production of oxidative stress products, reduces oxygen consumption by the myocardium and affects the endothelial function of coronary vessels, including in newborns. Thus, the previously accumulated results of experimental and clinical studies suggest the presence of anti-stress effects in allopurinol and make the study in this direction relevant. Results and discussion. Allopurinol keeps tryptophan levels at a control level in the cortex and brain stem; in the hypothalamus, it rises compared to stress, but not to control values. At the same time, the content of serotonin is normalized in the hypothalamus and cerebellum, but decreases in the trunk. The concentration of kinurenin remains at a stress-reduced level in the cortex and trunk, remains at a control level in the cerebellum and tends to recover in the hypothalamus. The introduction of allopurinol (20 mg / kg) once into the stomach 2 hours before emotional stress prevents the occurrence of stressful changes in the functional state of the central nervous system, reduces the stress tension of GNSS, which is manifested by the optimization of integral and hormonal-metabolic stress indicators. Allopurinol in emotional stress conditions affects the metabolism of tryptophan in various brain structures, which is manifested mainly by the restoration of tryptophan and serotonin levels, as well as a decrease in the content of kinurenin in some structures, which causes its neuroprotective effect. Conclusion. The stress-protective effect of allopurinol is multicomponent and, possibly, is due to the activation of the synthesis of serotonin in the central nervous system, antioxidant and other mechanisms. A promising area in this area is the study of the effect of allopurinol on the immune system, as well as the study of this drug on patients suffering from depressive disorders.

Keywords: anti-stress effect, allopurinol, serotonin

Full text: PDF (Rus) 200K

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