The state of humoral immunity in individuals from the territories of the intensified radioecological control of Sumy region is under investigation. Contamination of large areas with radionuclides due to the Chernobyl accident is considered to be an immunosuppressive factor for the population of Ukraine. The purpose of this research is to determine the indicators of humoral immunity of individuals in the territories of intensified radioecological control of the Sumy region. Methods and materials. The examined people were divided into two groups: residents of radiation free areas (control group, 80 persons) and the inhabitants of the areas of enhanced radiation monitoring (experimental group, 80 persons). Indicators of cellular immunity were determined by immunophenotyping and dyeing on Romanowsky-Giemsa. The level of immunoglobulins in blood plasma was determined by radial immunodiffusion on Mancini. Results and their discussion. We found out that the examined people from radiation free areas had quite stable humoral indices that did not go beyond homeostatic norm. The absolute and relative number of B-lymphocytes with the CD22 phenotype in people from contaminated territories of Sumy region was 21% and 9% higher than the control indicators. In our opinion, an increase in the absolute number of B-lymphocytes (CD22) is a compensatory response to a decrease in the total level of leukocytes. According to literary sources, an increase in the relative number of B-lymphocytes compensates for some immunosuppression of the T-cell immunity. In residents of territories contaminated with radionuclides, there was observed a redistribution of indices of specific immunity in favor of increase of serum immunoglobulin IgM and lowering the level of immunoglobulin’s concentration on the background of the absence of strongly pronounced dynamics of antibody-forming cells. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the functional load of the humoral part of immune system among the population of radiation-polluted territories of the Sumy region. At the same time, the formation of compensatory mechanisms in response to low-intensity prolonged radiation irradiation is observed. Prospects for further research. The results of the study showed the necessity of carrying out immunological surveys among the population of intensified radioecological control of our state (and in particular of Sumy region) in order to carry out immunorehabilitation measures for this category of population.

Keywords: immune system, humoral immunity, ionizing radiation, territory of the intensified radioecological control

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 184K

1. Bandazhevsky YuI. Chornobyl 25 years old: incorporated radionuclides Cs-137 and human health. Kyiv: Coordination Analytical Center "Ecology and Health"; 2011. [Ukrainian]
2. Bebeshko VG, Bazyka DA, Romanovsky АU, Loganovsky KМ. Radiologichni tа medychni naslidky chornobylskoii сatastrophy. Zhurn NAMN Ukrainy. 2011; 1 7(2): 132–8. [Ukrainian]
3. Laboratory methods of research in the clinic. Reference book. Ed VV Menshikova. M: Medicine; 1987. [Russian]
4. McMahon D, Vdovenko V, Karmaus W. Effects of long-term low-level radiation exposure after the Chernobyl catastrophe on immunoglobulins in children residing in contaminated areas: prospective and cross-sectional studies. Environ. Health. 2014; 13 (1): 36–50. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4030024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24886042. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-13-36
5. Michel R, Daraoui A, Gorny M, Jakob D, Sachse R, Romantschuk LD, Alfimov V, Synal HA. Retrospective dosimetry of Iodine-131 exposures using Iodine-129 and Caesium-137 inventories in soils – а critical evaluation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident in parts of Northern Ukraine. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2015; 150: 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.07.023
6. Sokolenko VL, Sokolenko SV. Dynamics of indicators of humoral immunity in the population of radiation-contaminated territories. Young Scientist. 2015; 9 (24): 15-9. [Ukrainian]
7. Titov L, Kharitonic G, Gourmanchuk I, Ignatenko S. Effects of radiation on the production of immunoglobulins in children subsequent to the Chernobyl disaster. Allergy Asthma Proc. 1995; 16 (4): 185–93. https://doi.org/10.2500/108854195778666838
8. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Additional protocol to the convention on human rights and biomedicine in the field of biomedical research (ETS No. 195).1997. Available from: http://zakоn2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_686/ [Ukrainian]
9. Yarilin AA. Immunology. M: GEOTAR-Media; 2010. [Russian]