A non-chemical (behavioral) dependence in rats-males aged 5-6 months, weighing from 250 to 320 grams, with a congenital anxiety-phobic form of behavior was modeled. Rats with anxiety-phobic behavior were selected by using a multi-parametric test for evaluating anxiety-phobic states according to V. I. Rodina, test "open field" and methods of zoo-social conflict. The self-stimulation of the positive emotional zones of the behind ventrolateral hypothalamus (BVLH) was used as a model of non-chemical dependence. It was recorded for an hour within 7 days of rats. Previous studies had shown that rats with congenital anxiety-phobic behavior had different initial levels of need for positive emotions. The first group was made up of rats with a high frequency of self-stimulation (high level need for positive emotions). The second group was made up of rats with an average level frequency of self-stimulation (moderate level of need for positive emotions). Material and methods. The electrical activity of the neocortex, the hippocampus, the hypothalamus, and the reticular formation has been recorded by using the Neuron-spectrum + complex bipolarity. Rats were injected with Proproten S-100 at a dose of 20 μl in a state of cancellation of getting positive emotions sublingually. Proproten S-100 was injected 2 times a day for three days. Statistic data processing was used with help non-parametric Wilcoxon’s criterion in program Statistica 6.0 and spectral analysis. Results and discussion. The obtained results showed that the neurophysiological basis of the formation of the withdrawal syndrome of getting positive emotions in rats with an initially high level of frequency self-stimulation (first group) was the overstrain of the reticulo-hypothalamic mechanisms of the brain on a background of hyper-excitation of the hippocampal neurons, and in rats with an initially average level frequency of self-stimulation (moderate level of need for positive emotions ( second group) overstrain of the limbic-neocortical emotional system of the brain. One-day forced sublingual injection of the Proproten S-100 to rats with a high level of need for positive emotions (the first group) lead to suppression of manifestations of convulsive activity of the hippocampal neurons and the reduced overstain of reticulo-hypothalamic mechanisms of the brain due to substitution of beta rhythm by low-amplitude alpha-theta waves, that correlated with the state of emotional rest in these rats. It was recorded that an increase in electrographic correlated with the emotional rest: the alpha-theta of waves in the background of oppression of beta rhythm, indicating a decrease in overstrain in the structures of the limbic-neocortical system of the brain in rats with a moderate level of need for positive emotions (second group). Conclusions. Three-day forced sublingual injection of the Proproten S-100 to rats in first group was accompanied by an increase in anxiety level, which correlated with the appearance of numerous paroxysms in the EEG on the background of beta-rhythm growth in the hypothalamus and reticular formation, and its decrease in the neocortex and hippocampus. In rats from the second group there was an oppression of electrographic manifestations of excitation in the structures of the emotional limbic-neocortical system of the brain, accompanied by a decrease in anxiety levels.

Keywords: non-chemical dependence, self-stimulation, Proproten S-100

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 272K

1. Aleshina LI, Marinina MG, Fedoseeva SYu. Addiktivnoe povedenie i meryi ego profilaktiki [Addictive behavior and measures to prevent it]. Elektronnyiy nauchno-obrazovatelnyiy zhurnal VGSPU «Grani poznaniya» [Electronic scientific and educational journal VGSPU "Borders of knowledge"]. 2016; 2 (45): 124-7. [Russian]
2. Berchenko OG, Bevzyuk DA, Levicheva NA. Formirovanija nehimicheskoj zavisimosti u krys s trevozhno-fobicheskoj formoj jemocional'nogo reagirovanija [Formation of non-chemical dependence in rats with an anxious-phobic form of emotional response]. Vіsnik problem bіologії і medicine [Bulletin of Biology and Medicine]. 2017; 4.3 (141): 101-4. [Russian]
3. Berchenko OG, Bevzyuk DO, Levicheva NO, Kolyadko SP. Nejrofіzіologіchnі mehanіzmi formuvannja nehіmіchnoї zalezhnostі samostimuljacієju pozitivno-emocіogennih zon mozku u shhurіv [Neurophysiological mechanisms of formation of non-chemical dependence on self-stimulation of positive emotionogenic zones of the brain in rats]. Vіsnik Dnіpropetrovs'kogo unіversitetu (Bіologіja ta ekologіja) [Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk University (Biology and Ecology)]. 2016; 24 (2): 270-5. doi: 10.15421/011634. [Ukrainian]
4. Cash H, Rae C, Steel A, Winkler A. Internet Addiction: a brief summary of research and practice. Curr Psychiatry Rev. 2012; 8 (4): 292–8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3480687. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23125561. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340012803520513
5. Dimitrijević I, Popović N, Sabljak V, Škodrić-Trifunović V, Dimitrijević N. Food addiction-diagnosis and treatment. Psychiatr Danub. 2015; 27 (1): 101-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25751444
6. Egorov AYu. K voprosu o novyih teoreticheskih aspektah addiktologii [On the issue of new theoretical aspects of addictology]. Narkologiya i addiktologiya: sb nauchn tr Kazan [Narcology and addiction: Sat scientific tr Kazan]. 2004. p 80-8. [Russian]
7. Egorov AYu. Nehimicheskie (povedencheskie addiktsii). [Non-chemical (behavioral addictions)]. Addiktologiya [Addiction]. 2005; 1: 65-77. [Russian]
8. Garbuzova SN. Samostimulyatsiya emotsiogennogo mozga – model endogennoy narkotizatsii [The self-stimulation of the emotionogenic brain - the model of endogenous narcotization]. Arhіv psihіatrії [Archive of psychiatry]. Kiїv [Kiev]. 1998; 1 (16): 104-12. [Russian]
9. Gofman AG, Grazhensky AV, Krylov EN. Proproten -100 pri kupirovanii alkogolnogo abstinentnogo sindroma [Proproten-100 for relief of alcohol withdrawal syndrome]. Proproten- 100. Sb. Statej [Proproten- 100. Sat. articles]. M: MGUL [Moscow: MGUL], 2002. p. 145-9. [Russian]
10. Goodman J, Packard M. Memory systems and the addicted brain. Front Psychiatry. 2016; 7: 24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4766276. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26941660. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00024
11. Joyner MA, Gearhardt AN, White MA. Food craving as a mediator between addictive-like eating and problematic eating outcomes. Eat Behav. 2015; 19: 98-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.07.005
12. Liu HC, Liu SI, Tjung JJ, et.al. Self-harm and its association with internet addiction and internet exposure to suicidal thought in adolescents. J Formos Med Assoc. 2016: 1-8.
13. Maruta NA, Kolyadko SP, Vorobyova TM. Znachenie emotsionalnogo i paroksizmalnogo mozga v perehodnyih protsessah neyrodinamicheskih sistem pri nevroticheskih rasstroystvah [The Importance of the Emotional and Paroxysmal Brain in the Transient Processes of Neurodynamic Systems in Neurotic Disorders]. Ukraїnskiy vіsnik psihonevrologії [Ukrainian Journal of Psychoneurology]. 2012; 1 (70): 69-80. [Russian]
14. Nathan D, Shukla L, Kandasamy A, Benegal V. Facebook role play addiction - A comorbidity with multiple compulsive-impulsive spectrum disorders. J Behav Addict. 2016; 5 (2): 373-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27156380. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5387790. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.020
15. Rodina VI, Kuprina NA, Kryzhanovskii GN, Oknina NB. Mnogoparametrovyiy metod kompleksnoy otsenki trevojno-fobicheskih sostoyaniy u kryis [Multiparameter method of complex assessment of anxiety-phobic states in rats]. Jurnal vyisshey nervnoy deyatelnosti [Journal of Higher Nervous Activity]. 1993; 43 (5): 1006-17. [Russian]
16. Sheynin J, Moustafa A, Beck K, Servatius RJ, Casbolt PA, Haber P, Elsayed M, Hogarth L, Myers CE. Exaggerated acquisition and resistance to extinction of avoidance behavior in treated heroin-dependent men. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016; 77 (3): 386-94. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27046310. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14m09284
17. Tavares H, Martins S, Lobo D, Silveira CM, Gentil V, Hodgins DC. Factors at play in faster progression for female pathological gamblers an exploratory analys. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003; 64 (4): 433-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12716246. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v64n0413
18. Vein AM, Vorobyova OV. Universalnyie tserebralnyie mehanizmyi v patogeneze paroksizmalnyih sostoyaniy [Universal cerebral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal conditions]. Jurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. SS Korsakova [Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. SS Korsakov]. 1999; 99 (12): 8-12. [Russian]
19. Vorobyova TM. Haoticheskaya neyrodinamika mozgovoy sistemyi pozitivnogo podkrepleniya i ee znachenie v mehanizmah vtorichno priobretennyih motivatsiy [Chaotic neurodynamics of the brain system of positive reinforcement and its significance in the mechanisms of newly acquired motivations]. Narkologiya [Narcology]. 2010; 7: 48-54. [Russian]