ISSN 2415-3060 (print), ISSN 2522-4972 (online)
  • 44 of 58
Up
JMBS 2020, 5(6): 299–307
https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.06.299
Lectures

Herpesviruses. Part 1

Nazaryan R. S., Fomenko Yu. V., ScheblykinaN. A., KolesovaT. A., Golik N. V., Sukhostavets E. V.
Abstract

One of the urgent problems of modern medicine is the high incidence of herpesvirus infections. The high prevalence of herpesviruses in the human population of the world allow us to consider herpes a common systemic disease of the whole organism. Doctors of any specialty are faced with the clinical manifestations of herpes infection in patients, and they themselves are a risk group of chronic herpes infections formation due to constant patient contacts and frequent professional psycho-emotional overload. Herpes infections are a group of infectious diseases caused by human herpesviruses. Now it is known 8 species of herpesvirus causing various human diseases that occur in the acute (during the initial contact with the infection) or chronic form. The herpesvirus family has a number of common properties that distinguish them from other human pathogenic viruses. There are three subfamilies in the Herpesviridae family. Alpha herpesviruses (Аlphaherpesvirinae) include the two serotypes of the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2), and the varicella-zoster virus (herpes zoster). Beta herpesviruses (Betaherpesvirinae) include cytomegalovirus, human herpes viruses of types 6 and 7 (HHV-5, HHV-6, HHV-7). Gamma herpes viruses (Gammaherpesvirinae) include the Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-4, HHV-8). Clinical manifestations of herpes infection depend more on the immunity state of the infected organism than on the pathogenic properties of the pathogen itself, and develop only in conditions of immunodeficiency caused by various unfavorable factors. Herpesviruses are able to damage organs, weaken the body's immunity, creating conditions for the attachment of the other infections (fungal, bacterial), which in turn can cause organ damage. The herpesvirus ability to infect all organs and tissues of the body determines a significant clinical polymorphism of diseases, as well as the necessity to study various biological liquids. Herpesviruses can be transmitted from person to person by aerosol, contact, sexual and parenteral transmission, as well as from mother to fetus or newborn, they also can act as mutagens. The pathogenesis of herpesvirus infections is rather complex and not completely understood. For a proper understanding of the disease pathogenesis it is necessary to know the main stages of reproduction of human herpesviruses. Modern laboratory techniques are used for diagnosis of herpes infection and allow obtaining more complete information for an accurate diagnosis: virological method, electron microscopy method, the method of biological sample, the polymerase chain reaction methods for the detection of viral antigens, serological, immunological, cytological and histological methods. Conclusion. The high prevalence of diseases caused by herpes viruses, the complex, not fully understood pathogenesis and high contagiousness of diseases, as well as a variety of clinical manifestations of herpesvirus infections with the possibility of the formation of mixed forms with a blurred clinical picture dictate the need for a detailed study of herpes viruses and knowledge of methods for diagnosing herpes infections

Keywords: herpesviruses, clinic, diagnostics

Full text: PDF (Rus) 375K

References
  1. Isakov VA, Arkhipova EY, Isakov DV. Gerpecvyrusnye ynfektsyy cheloveka [Human herpesvirus infections]. 2-e izd, pererab i dop. SPb: SpetsLit; 2013. 670 s. [Russian]
  2. Vykulov GKh. Gerpesvyrusnye ynfektsyy cheloveka v novom tysyacheletyy: klassyfykatsyya, epydemyologyya y medyko-sotsyalnoe znachenye [Human herpesvirus infections in the new millennium: classification, epidemiology and medico-social significance]. Epydemyol infekts bolezni. Aktual vopr. 2014; 3: 35-40. [Russian]
  3. Oxford JS, Collier LH, Kellam P. Human virology. 5th ed. Oxford University Press; 2016. 349 p.
  4. Kazmyrchuk, VE, Maltsev DV. Klinika, diagnostika i lechenie gerpesvirusnykh infektsyi cheloveka [Clinic, diagnosis and treatment of human herpesvirus infections]. K: Fenyks; 2009. 248 s. [Russian]
  5. Samaranayake L. Essential Microbiology for Dentistry. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2018 Mar 28. 391 p.
  6. Synytsya PV. Genitalnyy gerpes: etiopatogenetychni, kliniko-epidemiologichni aspekty, kompleksna diagnostyka ta likuvannya, profilaktyka [Genital herpes: etiopathogenetic, clinical and epidemiological aspects, complex diagnostics of the disease, prevention]. Dermatovenerologyya. Kosmetologyya. Seksopatologyya. 2011; 1(4): 115-129. [Ukrainian]
  7. Kaspyna AY, Isakov VA, Silin AV, Surdina ED, Gordeeva VA, Bukhartseva NA. Gerpesvyrusnaya ynfektsyya. Osobennosty proyavlenyy v chelyustno-litsevoy oblasti [Herpesvirus infection. Features of manifestations in the maxillofacial region]. 2-e izd, ispr i dop. SPb: SpetsLit; 2018. 63 s. [Russian]
  8. Dyudyun AD, Polyon NN, Nagornyy AE. Gerpesvyrusnaya infektsiya. Kliniko-immunologycheskie osobennosty. Klinicheskaya lektsiya [Herpesvirus infection. Clinical and immunological features. Clinical lecture]. Dermatovenerologyya. Kosmetologyya. Seksopatologyya. 2015;3(4):119-142. [Russian]
  9. Kazmyrchuk VE, Maltsev DV. Rekomendatsyi po lecheniyu gerpesvirusnikh infektsyy cheloveka [Recommendations for the treatment of human herpesvirus infections]. Ukr med Chasopys. 2012 Zhov 11; 5(91): 94-106. [Russian]
  10. Okolysheva NV. Kliniko-virusologycheskaya kharakterystyka gerpesvirusnykh infektsyi y effektyvnost ymmunomodulyruyushchey terapyy u detey rannego vozrasta s ostroy respyratornoy virusnoy infektsyey [Clinical and virological characteristics of herpesvirus infections and the effectiveness of immunomodulatory therapy in young children with acute respiratory viral infection]. Abstr. PhDr. (Med.). M; 2017. 25 s. [Russian]
  11. Lebedeva TM, Egorova NYu, Koltunov YE, Karazhas NV, Rybalkyna TN, Kalugyna MYu, ш dr. Virusy semeystva gerpesov i dlitelnyi subfebrilitet [Herpes viruses and long-term subfebrile condition]. Epydemyol шnfekts bolezny. Aktual vopr. 2014; 3: 20-24. [Russian]
  12. Patent 122479 Ukraine, A61K 38/00, A61P 31/22 (2006.01), A61P 37/02 (2006.01). Sposib likuvannya khronichnogo retsydyvuyuchogo gerpesu I ta II typiv [Method of Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Herpes Type I and II] / Suprunenko SM, Lyakhovskyy VI, Matokha OP, Lyakhovska NV, Kapustnyk YuO, Lyakhovskyy VI. (UA); zayavnik i vlasnik patentu VNZU "Ukrayinska medychna stomatologichna akademiya" (UA). № u201707566; zayavl 17.07.2017; opubl 10.01.2018. Byul № 1. [Ukrainian]
  13. Pokrovskyy VY, Pak SG, Bryko NY, Danylkyn BK. Infektsionnye bolezni i epidemiologiya [Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology]. 3-e izd, ispr i dop. M: GEOTAR-media; 2016. 1008 s. [Russian]
  14. Lamont RD, Berne RA, Lantts MS, Leblank DD. Mikrobiologiya i immunologiya dlya stomatologov [Microbiology and Immunology for Dentists]. M: Praktycheskaya medytsyna; 2010. 504 s. [Russian]