One of the key factors for the development or correction of metabolic syndrome is the use of carbohydrate or lipid metabolic substrates. However, there have been many conflicting results from clinical trials using different reduction diets in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the impact of such diets on the development of insulin resistance in experimental animal studies. It is important to link the nature and duration of the diet with the development or reduction of certain manifestations of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of short-term using of high-fat diet on the development of insulin resistance and obesity in rats. Material and methods. High-fat diet was used in Wistar male rats, 6 months of age, by the addition of lard in standard feed to a fat content of 58% of total calories for 4 weeks. The control group was on a standard vivarium diet. Insulin resistance was determined using an insulin tolerance test with 0.005 IU/kg short-acting human insulin. Blood glucose concentration was measured in dynamics using glucose meter OneTouch Select (LifeScan, USA). Results and discussion. The obtained results showed that two-week intake of the high-fat diet led to an increase in the mean body weight of animals by 6.5% of the initial values. After 4 weeks, the weight gain of rats by 3,5% exceeded that of the control group. Despite the lack of significant weight gain, the use of high-fat diet for 2-4 weeks was accompanied by a steady increase in glycemia by 16-20% in experimental animals compared to control group without the development of obesity. After two-week intake of the high-fat diet, the rats developed persistent insulin resistance, as evidenced by the absence of a hypoglycemic response to insulin administration over 60 min (P <0.05 compared with control). Conclusion. The short-term action of a high-fat diet causes the development of insulin resistance in rats, which is unrelated to the presence of obesity, and can be used to investigate appropriate mechanisms for the development of metabolic syndrome. The dynamics of insulin resistance appearance during high-fat diet may indicate a rapid decrease in the ability of cells to metabolize carbohydrate substrates, and the feasibility of diets with separate use of energy substrates to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: high fat diet, insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic syndrome
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