In recent years, there has been deterioration in vision in children and adolescents due to an increase in information load in conditions of additional psychogenic stress, inadequate visual load, which becomes a serious state problem. The purpose of the study was to determine the state of the visual analyzer in schoolchildren of early age groups. The object of study is a visual analyzer in schoolchildren of different age groups. The subject of the study is a change in the state of the visual analyzer in schoolchildren of different age. Material and methods. The age-related periodization of human development adopted at the VIIth conference with the problems of age-related morphology, physiology and biochemistry (1965) is used. The study included children of 5-8 age periods: girls and boys aged from 4 to 21 years. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were determined by conventional methods. Results and discussion. Analysis of the study results of visual acuity in girls and boys showed that the degree of myopia increased with age. However, in older age periods, the frequency of visual refraction disorders is maintained at a stable level. The determination of visual acuity and features of contrast sensitivity in the study participants revealed that in each age group of schoolchildren who had a refractive error, they simultaneously determined a decrease in contrast sensitivity. Moreover, this method should be considered a test in the diagnosis of visual acuity without correction and with that. Completion of the eye development in conditions of increasing the overall information load, increasing the duration of preparation for classes; deterioration of the general physiological state of students with significant strain of compensatory-adaptive systems, decreased performance, along with visual impairment, cause secondary deviations in the peripheral section of the children's visual analyzer. It is proved that visual impairment causes a number of secondary deviations in the mental and physical development of the child inhibits the process of learning and further development, and limits their professional choice. Thus, the progression of visual impairment in schoolchildren is a state problem requiring solution in the shortest possible time. Conclusion. In both girls and boys of school age, a deterioration of the visual system is observed with age, in particular, an increase in myopia alone, and deterioration in refraction as a whole. It was found out that in the study participants of each age group, it was not dependent on gender, provided that they had refractive errors, the coefficient of contrast sensitivity as a rule did not exceed 2.5. The latter indicates a decrease in contrast sensitivity in such study participants. Thus, a decrease in the contrast sensitivity index can directly be used to determine risk groups with the visual impairment factor in school children.

Keywords: vision, contrast sensitivity, children, adolescents

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