ISSN 2415-3060 (print), ISSN 2522-4972 (online)
  • 3 of 59
Up
JMBS 2016, 1(1): 21–24
https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs01.01.021
Medicine

The Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Nosological Independence and Diagnostic Criteria

Bagriy M.M., Yakubenko Yu.P., Danylyshyn I.Ye, Zakalyk M.S., Voitanovskyi I.M.
Abstract

The article highlights the issue of nosological independence of ischemic cardiomyopathy – a pathological condition of the myocardium, accompanied by increase in all chambers of the heart to the degree of cardiomegaly, often with irregular thickening of its walls and the phenomena of diffuse and focal substitute fibrosis that develops in the atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries, but not because of formation ventricular aneurysms, organic pathology valvular heart or presence of pathological communications. In most cases, given the pathological condition develops after myocardial infarction due to left ventricular remodeling. The term "ischemic cardiomyopathy" was proposed in 1970 by G. Burth et. al. with multiple lesions of coronary arteries, enlarged heart cavities and clinical symptoms of congestive heart failure which are similar to those in dilated cardiomyopathy. The problem of nosology repeatedly discussed in the report of WHO and in numerous publications. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was included in the WHO classification of specific cardiomyopathies and presented in ICD-10 as a form of chronic ischemic heart disease (I 25.5). In 2006, the American Heart Association proposed a scientific position on contemporary definition and classification of cardiomyopathies, according to what the term "ischemic cardiomyopathy" was excluded from the classification of cardiomyopathies as a disease of the myocardium and violation of its functions, which directly are the result of other cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, leading to myocardial ischemic injury by reducing coronary blood flow. Thus, according to the literature and own positions, the term "ischemic cardiomyopathy" is now incorrectly applied to characterize patients with coronary heart disease and severe dysfunction infarction, we must use the term "chronic heart failure of ischemic origin" (HHFIO) with the proviso that mean patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function. The severity of clinical manifestations HHFIO depends not only on their own sclerotic changes of the myocardium, but on metabolic disorders in cardiomyocytes as a result of hypoxia. It is believed that the basis of HHFIO is myocardial ischemia, which, without being the direct cause dilation of the heart, acts as a trigger factor other causal processes, possibly necrosis, fibrosis, myocardium hibernation, development of contractures myofibrils, apoptosis, which lead to fewer cardiomyocytes in unit volume of infarction and ventricular remodeling ending HHFIO. HHFIO occurs in 5-8% of patients with coronary heart disease, mostly aged 45-55 years, predominantly male (90%). The main clinical manifestation is chronic heart failure. HHFIO characterized by enlargement of the cavities of the heart, the progression of stagnation, auscultation – definition gallop and systolic murmur relative failure of the mitral valve. HHFIO diagnosis can be established in patients with coronary artery disease based on standardized criteria adopted in the world and clarified and supplemented M.M. Alshybaya et al. (2005): hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease; myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery or balloon angioplasty transluminal history; chronic heart failure functional class II or higher (NYHA); dilatation of the left ventricle (end-diastolic volume index >110ml/m2, end-systolic volume index >80 mL/m2); left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or less; mitral regurgitation from papillary dysfunction second degree and above. In clinical practice we often have difficulty of differential diagnosis between HHFIO and dilated cardiomyopathy, in which the main clinical manifestation is progressive chronic heart failure.

Keywords: chronic heart failure, myocardial ischemia, coronary heart disease, cardiomegaly, ischemic cardiomyopathy

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 88.93K

References
  1. Abdullaev RYa. Ehokardiografichna diagnostika ishemichnoyi kardiomiopatiyi. Ukrainskiy radiologichniy zhurnal. 2001; 9: 50-4.
  2. Zyuzenkov MV. Ishemicheskaya kardiomiopatiya. Voennaya meditsina. 2013; 1: 35-6.
  3. Manak NA. Ishemicheskaya kardiomiopatiya: opredelenie, diagnostika, lechenie. Aktualnyie voprosyi vnutrennih bolezney. Materialyi nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyaschennoy 80-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya prof IP Danilova. Minsk; 2004. s. 30-31.
  4. Simonenko VB, Boytsov SA, Gluhov AA. Kliniko-morfologicheskie osobennosti dilatatsionnoy i ishemicheskoy kardiomiopatiy. Terapevticheskiy arhiv. 1999; 12 (71): 64-7.
  5. Ursulenko VI, Yakob LV. Ishemicheskaya kardiomiopatiya: neposredstvennyie i otdalennyie rezultatyi hirurgicheskogo i medikamentoznogo lecheniya. Sertse i sudini. 2012; 4: 33-40.
  6. Ostrovskiy YuP, Bulgak AG, Rachok LV, i dr. Hirurgicheskaya revaskulyarizatsiya miokarda – perspektivnyiy metod lecheniya hronicheskoy serdechnoy nedostatochnosti u bolnyih ishemicheskoy kardiomiopatiey. Kardiologiya v Belarusi. 2010; 6 (13): 13-27.
  7. Alshibaya MM, Kovalenko OA, Dorofeev AV, i dr. Hirurgicheskoe remodelirovanie levogo zheludochka pri ishemicheskoy kardiomiopatii. Vestnik RAMN. 2005; 4: 53–8.
  8. Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Antzelevitch C, Corrado D, Arnett D, Moss AJ, Seidman CE, Young JB. Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: An American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of care and outcomes research and functional genomics and translational biology interdisciplinary working groups, and council on epidemiology and prevention. Circulation. 2006; 113: 1807-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16567565 https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287
  9. Burch GE, Giles TD. Ischemic cardiomyopathy: diagnosis, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic considera-tions. Cardiovascular clinic. 1972; 4 (1): 203-20.
  10. Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, Bilinska Z, Cecchi F, Charron P, Dubourg O, Kühl U, Maisch B, McKenna WJ, Monserrat L, Pankuweit S, Rapezzi C, Seferovic P, Tavazzi L, Keren A. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Euro Heart Journal. 2008; 29: 270–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342
  11. Felker GM, Shaw LK, O'Connor CM. A standardized definition of ischemic cardiomyopathy for use in clinical research. Journal American College Cardiology. 2002; 39: 210. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11788209
  12. Report of the World Health Orqanizational / International Society and Federation of Cardioloqy Task Force on the Definition and Classification of Cardiomiopathies / WHO/ISFC Task Force. British Heart Journal. 1980; 44: 672–3.