The process of students’ adaptation should be considered as a dynamic and integrated process of forming the necessary skills to meet the needs that arise during study at a higher education institution. The purpose of the study was to establish the nature of psychophysiological indicators of students with different types of autonomic regulation in conditions of physical and mental activity. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a study of the psychophysiological indicators of 128 students (65 boys and 63 girls) of the Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University aged 17-25 years. All students had psychophysiological indicators before and after mental and physical activity measured with the device for psychophysiological research «PFI-2». The students were divided into groups according to the types of vegetative regulation, according to the method of express assessment of the functional state of regulatory systems according to N. I. Shlyk. All students had indicators of heart rate variability at rest on short recordings of the cardiac signal (2 minutes), obtained with the help of the rhythm «MPFI-rhythmograph-1». Proofreading method according to the method of M. V. Krivonosov et al. (2001) was used as a mental load, which consisted of finding and selecting a specific letter in test tables for 20-25 minutes. Aerobic exercise consisted of taking a distance of 2 km on a rowing machine Concept-2 for 10 minutes. Results and discussion. The obtained results showed that after the mental load, the psychophysiological indicators of students of all groups did not change reliably, which led to the formation of adaptation mechanisms. However, only the students of group 3 have grouped reliable changes in some indicators of the correct sample, which reflects the state of development of mobilization. After physical exertion, changes in individual and typological indicators were observed in representatives of groups 1 and 3. A significant decrease in the indicators of functional mobility of nervous processes and the strength of nervous processes indicates the mobilization of the body's reserves. The value of the dynamics of nervous processes in group 1 significantly increased after physical exertion, which indicates the development of a state of fatigue. There was also a significant increase in the number of anticipated/delayed reactions in group 3, which indicates the predominance of excitation processes over inhibition. After physical exertion, no significant changes in psychodynamic parameters were observed, but in group 2, the time of the complex simple visual-motor reaction significantly increased, which indicates the development of a state of fatigue. After physical exercise, the students of group 3 have observed significant changes in the values of the correction test indicators, which indicates the mobilization of the body's reserves. Conclusion. The analysis of the results of the study made it possible to establish that the mental load had an insignificant effect on the representatives of group 3. After physical exertion, significant changes were observed in representatives of all groups, except for group 4

Keywords: students, psychophysiological indicators, types of vegetative regulation, adaptation, mental and physical load

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 284K

1. Klybanivska TM. Osoblyvosti adaptatsii do navchalnoi diialnosti studentiv-pravnykiv [Peculiarities of adaptation to the educational activities of law students]. Orhanizatsiina psykholohiia. Ekonomichna psykholohiia. 2019;1(16):47-54. [Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31108/2.2019.1.16.5
2. Kozhyna HM, Marakushyn DI, Zelenska KO, Khaustov MM, Zelenska HM. Psykhofiziolohichni osoblyvosti staniv dezadaptatsii u studentiv-medykiv v suchasnykh umovakh [Psychophysiological features of states of maladaptation in medical students in modern conditions]. Ukr Zh Med, Biol Sportu. 2017;1:91-95. [Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs02.01.091
3. Kozhyna H, Marakushyn D, Zelenska K, Khaustov M, Zelenska G. Individual-psychological and physiological manifestations of maladjustment to educational activities. Psychiatrics Medical Psychology. 2017;4(3):146-149. https://doi.org/10.35339/ic.4.3.146-149
4. Yavorovska LM, Kamyshnikova RF, Polivanova OYe, Yanovska SH, Kudelko SM. Psykholohichni osoblyvosti studentskoho viku. Na dopomohu kuratoram [Psychological features of student age. To help curators]. Vyp 3. Kh: KhNU imeni VN Karazina; 2013. 88 s. [Ukrainian]
5. Tokareva NM, Shamne AV. Vikova ta pedahohichna psykholohiia [Age and pedagogical psychology]. Navchalnyi posibnyk dlia studentiv vyshchykh navchalnykh zakladiv. K; 2017. 548 s. [Ukrainian]
6. Khaliullina LR. Psychological and pedagogical foundations of undergraduates’ research thinking development process. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2017;237:1405–1411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.205
7. Kernytskyi OM. Psykholoho-pedahohichni osoblyvosti studentskoho viku ta spetsyfika rozvytku osobystosti inozemnoho studenta [Psychological and pedagogical features of the student age and the specifics of the personality development of a foreign student]. Visnyk Natsionalnoi akademii Derzhavnoi prykordonnoi sluzhby Ukrainy. Seriia Pedahohika. 2015;5. [Ukrainian]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Vnadped_2015_5_9.pdf
8. Drozdovski AK. The connection between typological complexes of properties of the nervous system, temperaments, and personality types in the professions and sports. Open Access J Sports Med. 2015;6:161–172. PMID: 26056499. PMCID: PMC4445952. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S75612
9. Adamovych RH, Kochin OV. Osoblyvosti zmin psykhofiziolohichnykh pokaznykiv sportsmeniv, shcho zaimaiutsia rukopash nym boiem z povnym kontaktom z suprotyvnykom, pid vplyvom trenuvalnoho navantazhennya [Peculiarities of the Psycho-Physiological Parameters Changes in Hand-to-Hand Combat Athletes with Full Contact with the Opponent, under the Influence of the Training Load]. Ukr Zh Med Biol Sportu. 2019;4(1):269-275. [Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs04.01.269
10. Tarovyk NO, Korobeinikov HV, Dudnyk OK, Vrzhesnevska HI. Psykhofiziolohichnyi stan pidlitkiv z riznym rivnem rukhovoi aktyvnosti v dynamitsi navchalnoho roku [Dynamics of the Psychophysiological State of Teenagers with Different Levels of Motor Activity]. Ukr Zh Med Biol Sportu. 2017;6(9):119-125. [Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs02.07.119
11. Podrigalo L, Iermakov S, Potop V, Romanenko V, Boychenko N, Rovnaya O, et al. Special aspects of psycho-physiological reactions of different skillfulness athletes, practicing martial arts. J Physical Educ Sport. 2017;17(2):519–526. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2017.s2078
12. Chernozub AA, Kochyna ML, Chaban IO, Adamovych RH, Shtefiuk IK. Pidvyshchennia efektyvnosti trenuvalnoi ta zmahalnoi diialnosti sportsmenok, yaki spetsializuiutsia v rukopashnomu boi, na osnovi vykorystannia indyvidualnykh psykhofiziolohichnykh kharakterystyk [Increasing the Effectiveness of Training and Competitive Activities of Athletes Specializing in Hand-to-Hand Combat, Based Individual Psycho-Physiological Characteristics]. Ukr Zh Med Biol Sportu. 2017;6(9):69-74. [Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs02.07.069
13. Makarenko MV, Lyzohub VS, Kozhemiako TV, Chernenko NP. Vikovi osoblyvosti shvydkosti tsentralnoi obrobky informatsii u osib z riznym rivnem funktsionalnoi rukhlyvosti nervovykh protsesiv [Age-related features of the speed of central processing of information in persons with different levels of functional mobility of nervous processes]. Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal. 201;1(57):88–93. [Ukrainian]. PMID: 21516838. https://doi.org/10.15407/fz57.01.088
14. Kovalenko SO, Makarenko MV. Tsentralna hemodynamika u liudei z riznym rivnem funktsionalnoi rukhlyvosti nervovykh protsesiv pry rozumovykh i fizychnykh navantazhenniakh [Central hemodynamics in people with different levels of functional mobility of nervous processes during mental and physical exertion]. Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal. 2005;51(6):58-62. [Ukrainian]
15. Iukhymenko LI, Makarchuk MYu. Ctan vehetatyvnoi nervovoi systemy ta tsentralnoi hemodynamiky u osib z riznoiu funktsionalnoiu rukhlyvistiu nervovykh protsesiv v umovakh posturalnykh navantazhen [Status of the autonomic nervous system and central hemodynamics in the persons with different functional mobility of nervous processes under postural loads]. Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal. 2019;65(5):11-19. [Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.15407/fz65.05.011
16. Zaporozhets OP. Tolerantnist studentiv-pershokursnykiv do rozumovykh navantazhen v dynamitsi navchalnoho roku [Tolerance of first-year students to mental loads in the dynamics of the academic year]. Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal. 2019;65(3 Dodatok):62. [Ukrainian]
17. Shlyk NY. Varyabelnost serdechnogo rytma u yssleduemykh 16-21 goda s uchetom yndyvydualnogo typa vegetatyvnoy regulyatsyy [Variability of heart rate in subjects aged 16-21 taking into account the individual type of autonomic regulation]. Nauka i osvita. 2014;8:196-203. [Russian]
18. Shlyk NI. Management of Athletic Training Taking into Account Individual Heart Rate Variability Characteristics. Human Physiol. 2016;42(6):655-664. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119716060189
19. Ievtushenko AS. Informatsiine zabezpechennia otsiniuvannia funktsionalnoho stanu liudyny za umov pidvyshchenykh zorovykh navantazhen [Information provision of the shadowing of the functional state of a person under conditions of increased visual loads]. Abstr. PhDr. (Med.). K; 2017. 233 s. [Ukrainian]
20. Patent 43719 Ukraine, MPK A61B 10/00. Sposib dшagnostiki etiologichnogo chinnika toksemiyi [Method for diagnosing the etiological cause of toxemia] / Kryvonosov MV, Podrihalo LV, Kochyna ML, Yavorskyi OV, Maslova NM. (UA); zayavnik i vlasnik patentu Kharkivskyi derzhavnyi medychnyi universytet (UA). №
21. 2001063812; zayavl 06.06.01 ; opubl 17.12.01. Byul № 11. [Ukrainian]
22. Makarenko MV, Lyzohub VS. Shvydkist tsentralnoi obrobky informatsii u liudei z riznymy vlastyvostiamy osnovnykh nervovykh protsesiv [The speed of central processing of information in people with different properties of the main nervous processes]. Fiziolohichnyi zhurnal. 2007;53(4):87-91. [Ukrainian]
23. Humennyi VS. Vplyv zaniat z fizychnoho vykhovannia na rozumovu pratsezdatnist ta psykhoemotsiinu stiikist studentiv zalezhno vid spetsyfiky profesiinoi diialnosti [The influence of classes in physical education on the mental and psychoemotional abilities of students depending on the specifics of professional activity]. Pedahohika, psykholohiia ta medyko-biolohichni problemy fizychnoho vykhovannia i sportu. 2011;1:45-47. [Ukrainian]
24. Korinchak LM. Sezonni zminy fiziolohichnykh funktsii studentiv ta shkoliariv [Seasonal changes in the physiological functions of students and schoolchildren]. Naukovyi chasopys NPU imeni MP Drahomanova. Seriia 20 Biolohiia. 2008;2:58-61. [Ukrainian]
25. Kryvets YuI. Vplyv zaniat fizychnym vykhovanniam na rozumovu pratsezdatnist studentiv [The influence of physical education on the mental performance of students]. Materialy Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii doktorantiv, molodykh uchenykh ta studentiv “Rozvytok yevropeiskoho prostoru ochyma molodi: ekonomichni, sotsialni ta pravovi aspekty”. Kharkiv 2017 Apr 28. 2017. p. 2492-2496. [Ukrainian]
26. Mahlovanyi AV, Safronova HB, Halaitatyi HD, Belova LA. Pratsezdatnist studentiv: otsinka, korektsiia, upravlinnia [Student performance: assessment, correction, management]. Lviv; 1997. 128 s. [Ukrainian]
27. Shepelenko TV, Buts AM, Bodrenkova IO. Fizychne vykhovannia u formuvanni zdorovoho sposobu zhyttia [Physical education in the formation of a healthy lifestyle]. Navchalnyi posibnyk. Kharkiv: UkrDUZT; 2018. 127 s. [Ukrainian]
28. Kuznetsov M, Afonin V, Yena M. Dynamika zmin psykhofiziolohichnykh funktsii u kursantiv u protsesi navchannia [Dynamics of changes in psychophysiological functions in cadets during training]. Molodizhnyi naukovyi visnyk Skhidnoievropeiskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Lesi Ukrainky. Fizychne vykhovannia i sport. 2017;25:50-54. [Ukrainian]
29. Gordienko PO, Pandikidis NI, Shenher SV. A study of influence of working at the computer on some indexes of the physical health state of students. Ukr Zh Med Biol Sportu. 2018;3:6(15):95-100. https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs03.06.095
30. Marakushin D, Chernobay L, Vasylieva O, Morozov O, Korobchanskij P. Brain integrated activity in medical students under conditions of adaptation to psychoemotional stress. Georgian Medical News. 2019;3(288):135–139.