The determination of molecular mechanisms, genetic control pathways, and modeling of apoptotic processes are necessary for understanding the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in combination with obesity and excess body weight, which in the future may create prerequisites for the search for pathogenetic treatment. The purpose of the study was to assess the state of apoptosis processes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with excess body weight and obesity, depending on the clinical characteristics of the disease. Material and methods. 98 people with diabetes mellitus were examined. The first group consisted of 64 people with excess body weight and obesity (body mass index >25). The second group included 34 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal body weight (body mass index ≤25). The control group consisted of 28 practically healthy individuals, who were comparable to the first and second groups by gender and age. Results and discussion. The presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, excess body weight and obesity in patients led to increasing the level of the marker of apoptotic death of body cells – caspase-3 by 16.52%. Patients with glycated hemoglobin HbA1c more than 8% showed an increase in caspase-3 compared with patients with compensated diabetes mellitus; the difference was more pronounced in patients with excess body weight and obesity (19.13%, p <0.05). An increase in the duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus led to the activation of apoptosis processes, which was manifested in the rise of the studied apoptosis marker, caspase-3, both in patients with and without obesity (p <0.05). The development of the complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients increased caspase-3 levels by 29.04% (p <0.05) in the absence of significant changes in this marker in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without obesity. Conclusion. The dynamics of apoptotic processes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with and obesity, depending on the clinical characteristics of patients, is closely related to the level of apoptosis marker – caspase of the cysteine proteinase group – caspase-3

Keywords: apoptosis, metabolic syndrome, cysteine proteases, cardiovascular risk, compensation of diabetes mellitus

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