Fetoplacental insufficiency is a pathology of pregnancy in women of reproductive age that ranges from 30% to almost 70%. High-risk groups include women who give birth to their first child aged 35 years and older. A significant frequency of fetoplacental insufficiency among pregnant women pathology necessitates the development and practical application of effective and safe treatment drugs. Therefore, the search for the “ideal” drug, which should have a good quality/risk ratio of the drug and meet all the requirements, is relevant. The purpose of the study was to establish the morphological features of the uterus of female rats of different age groups against the background of fetoplacental insufficiency and compare with the corrective effect of the pharmaceutical composition. Material and methods. The study used healthy sexually mature female rats of the Wistar population, young and mature of reproductive age. The first day of pregnancy was considered the day of sperm in the morning vaginal smears. 8 groups of 7 pregnant females were formed: the 1st and the 2nd groups had intact animals of young and mature age; the 3rd and the 4th group included females with experimental fetoplacental insufficiency of the corresponding age; the 5th and the 6th groups had young and mature animals with experimental fetoplacental insufficiency + pharmaceutical composition; the 7th and the 8th groups included the female with fetoplacental insufficiency + dipyridamole. Results and discussion. Chronic fetoplacental insufficiency in females of different ages affects the uterine endometrium, causing focal reactive structural and dystrophic changes in the epithelium and stroma. On the background of fetoplacental insufficiency, alterative changes occur in the spongy tissue of the placental sites, and a decrease in vascularization. In the myometrical segment of the placental site, blood vessels were characterized by a small clearance, defined by the tortuosity of the contours, to a certain extent, lead to the absence or insufficient gestational transformation of them, leading to the development of fetoplacental insufficiency. There was no significant difference in the state of uterine tissue in pregnant female rats of young and mature age on the background of fetoplacental insufficiency. The expressiveness of the corrective effect on the state of uterus in pregnant female rats of young and mature age on the background of experimental fetoplacental insufficiency, the pharmaceutical composition and the comparison drug dipyridamole were almost the same. But fragments of uterine tissue were found, in females of the dipyridamole group, with the so-called placenta growth, the remains of the trophospongium of the fetal part of the placenta were “embedded” in the labial part of the disc with an expanded lumen of the vessels and their thin wall, during childbirth this can lead to heavy bleeding. Conclusion. Treatment-and-prophylactic administration of the studied fetoplacental insufficiency reduced the signs of fetoplacental insufficiency, improves vascularization of the endometrium and tissues of the placental site, increases the presence of blood vessels in the myometrical segment of the site with signs of gestational transformation – that is, reduced the "expressiveness" of placental insufficiency.
Keywords: fetoplacental insufficiency, uterus, early and late reproductive age, pharmacological correction, dipyridamolum
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