The study of the interconnection between the quantitative and qualitative composition violation of the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and the development of inflammatory bowel diseases requires constant monitoring and detailed study due to the worldwide growing incidence and the inconsistency of data on gender and age-related differences in the course of diseases. Material and methods. 72 samples of biological material from the colon were examined. Identification of microorganisms was carried out in according to Bergey's bacterial identification schemes and with the help of the chromogenic nutrient media "Graso Biotech". Results and discussion. To establish the correlation between the intestinal microbiome and inflammatory bowel diseases, taking into account age and gender characteristics, an analysis of the intestinal microbiome composition was made in 72 patients with IBD of different age and gender: patients with Crohn's disease (n = 23) and ulcerative colitis (n = 49). According to the analysis, significant changes were found in the microbial landscape of the digestive system in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It was shown that in middle-aged patients, the detection frequency of a decompensated form of dysbiotic disorders was higher compared with young patients. In the analysis of symbiotic microbiota, significant deviations in the composition of Bifidobacterium spp. were found in middle-aged patients with Crohn's disease. Decrease in titers of typical Escherichia coli was usually observed in patients with ulcerative colitis. In the analysis of opportunistic microbiota, it was shown that among all patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, a high frequency of Staphylococcus spp. and fungi of the genus Candida detection was recorded in middle-aged people. Indicators for identifying opportunistic enterobacteria were highest in patients with ulcerative colitis in middle-aged men and women, while in patients with Crohn's disease, the incidence rate of opportunistic enterobacteria was higher in young people. Conclusion. Due to examination results of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases of various age categories and sex it has been revealed significant imbalances in the gastrointestinal tract microbiome in 100% of patients. The decompensated form of dysbiotic disorders in patients with Crohn's disease prevailed among both sex – 34.8% of women and 30.45% of men, while among patients with ulcerative colitis a subcompensated form of dysbiosis was found mainly in young women – 20.4%. In both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the frequency of decompensated dysbiotic form dominated in middle-aged patients. The largest changes in the analysis of symbiotic microbiota representatives were observed in the composition of Lactobacillus spp., the concentrations of those were reduced in 100% of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. In the analysis of opportunistic microbiocenosis, it was found that among all patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, a high detection frequency of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus and fungi of the genus Candida was observed in middle-aged people.
Keywords: intestinal dysbiosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, opportunistic microbiota, associative symbiotic microbiota
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