Placental dysfunction is a clinical syndrome associated with the external functioning of the placenta (transport, trophic, endocrine, metabolic), morpho-functional changes, driven by the expansion of uterine-placental perfusion of endothelium-genesis, respectively. The degree and features of the influence of pathological factors and the condition of the pregnant woman on the placenta and the fetus depend not only on the term of gestation, but also on the preservation of the compensatory-adaptive mechanisms in the uterine fetoplacental system. Disturbance of formation of functionality of placenta is caused by diseases of heart and vascular system of the pregnant woman (heart defects, insufficiency of blood circulation, arterial hypertension and hypotension), pathology of kidneys, liver, lungs, blood, chronic infection, diseases of the neuroendocrine system (saucer), obstetric and gynecological pathology, social and household factors and a number of other pathological conditions. One of the important tasks is preclinical diagnosis of placental dysfunction, which leads to impaired fetal status. This is important because the early detection of insufficiency of the fetoplacental system in a number of cases allows determining further tactics of pregnancy management. The development of methods for the study of the fetoplacental complex in dynamics allows timely diagnosis of the main clinical forms of fetal suffering and delayed fetal fetal growth. Prenatal diagnosis of these conditions has traditionally included ultrasound, ultrasound Doppler ultrasound, cardiotocography, examination of signal peptides and placental hormones. Early predictors of placental dysfunction should be considered concentrations of endothelin-1, vascular-endothelial growth factor, interleukin-1 and interleukin-3, indicators of pulsatile index of spiral arteries, terminal branches of the umbilical artery and uterine arteries. Conclusion. The study of the problem of early and adequate diagnosis of placental dysfunction in pregnant women is very relevant, as differentiated approaches in the management of women with placental dysfunction and delayed fetal growth preclude polypragmasia, underestimation and will contribute to better medical care.

Keywords: placental dysfunction, fetoplacental system, prenatal diagnosis, endothelin-1, vascular-endothelial growth factor

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