The problem of malignant tumors is one of the most serious problems of modern medicine, including dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa occupy the fourth position in the frequency of occurrence among all malignant tumors of the head and neck. The purpose of the work was to study the structure of malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa and oropharynx on the basis of retrospective data analysis, and to justify the feasibility of the development of non-invasive methods for predicting the course and malignancy of precancerous diseases of this localization. Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 98 medical records of in-patients undergoing treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa and oropharynx and 108 results of histopathological studies. We also studied domestic and foreign literature on the methods of diagnosis and prognosis of malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa and oropharynx, as well as on the prediction of the course and malignancy of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa over the past 10 years. Results and discussion. During the retrospective analysis of 98 medical records of inpatient patients receiving medical care for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa and oropharynx, the following data was established. Of the total, there were 79 men and 19 women, with an average age of 58.3 years and 60.5 years, respectively. Most often this pathology was observed in persons older than 45 years (90 (92%) of observations), and especially in the age group of 65 years and more (44 (45%) of the fact). Mainly the pathological process affected the body and the root of the tongue, the bottom of the mouth, Palatine arches, and side walls of the pharynx. The pathological process affected mainly the body and the root of the tongue, the bottom of the mouth, Palatine arches, and side walls of the pharynx. Of the total number of persons in the observation, 12 (12%) patients received medical care for stage I, 28 (29%) people – for stage II, 34 (35%) patients – for stage III, 24 (24%) patients – for stage IV disease. The greatest number of relapses (8 facts) was revealed within a year after radical treatment. The analysis of sources of domestic and foreign literature revealed that the most promising methods of non-invasive diagnosis of precancerous diseases are the following: clinical (vital staining, autofluorescence diagnosis) and laboratory (biochemical and immunological examination of oral fluid). Conclusion. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa and oropharynx in men was 4 times higher than in women, which was more often diagnosed in the later stages, and the percentage of relapses after radical treatment was 20.4%. The pathohistological picture determining the moderately differentiated tumor (G2) indicated the importance of purposeful development and introduction into everyday medical practice additional methods of early diagnosis of neoplasia of the oral and oropharynx mucosa, as well as the prediction of malignancy of the pathology of the mucosa of this localization.

Keywords: malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa and oropharynx, prognosis, malignancy, precancerous

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