Atherosclerosis is the first of numerous background diseases that can potentially affect the dental morbidity and draws attention to itself. This is due to its high prevalence, medical and social significance. Atherosclerosis is one of the first causes of death in the world and is one of the most frequent causes of disability in population. The state of oral health in patients with cardiovascular disease has become of a question of interest in the last decade. The purpose of the study was to increase the effectiveness of prevention and complex treatment of oral diseases in patients with atherosclerosis. Material and methods. We analyzed the data about the epidemiological and clinical-laboratory characteristics of major dental diseases (dental caries, periodontal disease, lesions of the oral mucosa) in patients with atherosclerosis, obtained on the basis of the conducted research during 2014-2019. We examined 290 patients and divide them into 2 groups: the main group (174 patients) and the control group (116 patients). The age of patients was 40-80 years, with a percentage ratio of men and women of 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. Research methods included: studies of carious lesions; studies of periodontal diseases (hygienic condition of the oral cavity by Green-Vermillion; papillary-marginal-alveolar index, periodontal index, need index for the treatment of periodontal disease; Schiller-Pisarev test, Kulazhenko's sample, bacteriological examination of the contents of periodontal pockets, cytological examination of gingival sulcus-imprint smears); the study of lesions of the oral mucosa (oral mucosa) (stomatoscopy); statistical methods (W-criterion Shapiro-Wilk, Student's t-criterion for unrelated samples, Mann-Whitney U-criterion). Results and discussion. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the results of epidemiological studies we came to the conclusion that there were differences between the patients with atherosclerosis and healthy patients. They were the following: dental caries did not specify clinical manifestations; periodontal disease had a number of clinical indicators that confirmed the tendency of patients with atherosclerosis to periodontal pathologic processes; diseases of the oral mucosa also had no significant clinical differences. Conclusion. Thus, our study showed the evidence of the relationship between chronic forms of ischemic heart disease as the background pathology and lesions of the periodontium.
Keywords: stomatological diseases, atherosclerosis, index estimation
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