One of the most important functions of the state is employees’ health preservation. An important role is played by the physical condition of employees and the presence or absence of common diseases in the performance of hazardous activities. The establishment of a rational operating regime for the prevention of occupational diseases depends on these indicators. The occurrence of common complications such as diseases and accidents, proper organization and conduct of preventive medical examinations are of great importance in ensuring the health of employees. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess morbidity rates among employees engaged in hazardous activities. The survey of employees was conducted out as part of periodic medical examinations, according to the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 246 of May 21, 2007 "On Approval of the Procedure for Conducting Medical Examinations of Employees of Certain Categories". As a result of the study, it was found out that the percentage of practically healthy men is higher than that of women. And the percentage of almost all diagnosed diseases is higher in women than men. Diseases of the cardiovascular system are observed in both women and men, but the number of women suffering from hypertension was almost 2 times more and hypertensive disease of the 2nd stage was three times more. Having assessed high values of morbidity, we can state the fact that a large proportion of practically healthy people make up a group of employees with experience from 0 to 10 years, and the lowest indicator was among almost healthy employees with 30 years of experience according to the results of medical examination for length of service. A small number of registration cardiovascular diseases and eyes diseases were accounted for employees who have worked in hazardous conditions for up to 10 years, and the highest percentage was for workers with experience more than 30 years. A larger number of practically healthy people were detected among the 20-29-year-old employees, and accordingly the smallest number of practically healthy people was observed among workers aged 60 and over, during medical examinations of employees performing hazardous activities. Diseases of the cardiovascular system begin with employees older than 30 years of age. A significant number of employees older than 60 years have many diseases, such as hypertension II stage, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis, varicose veins of the lower extremities, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic 2-sided sensorneural hearing loss. In many cases, diagnoses are combined. There was a large number of pathology of the respiratory system, neurocirculatory dystonia and the organ of vision in the form of myopia among the younger and middle-aged employees. We can conclude that when we analyzed the morbidity of employees according to the type of work performed, that among the employees who manage transport, namely, drivers who are practically healthy are not. Transport drivers have in a larger number pathology of the organs of vision in the form of presbyopia and myopia. Employees who perform work at the heights comprise a significant number of practically healthy. The employees of this group have all the diseases listed below, but in average values. However, sensorineural hearing loss is observed only in highlanders. Employees whose work is associated with nervous and emotional stress, namely economists and accountants, have high rates for hypertension in the II stage and type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the main etiological factors contributing to the onset of these diseases is precisely the neuro-emotional tension. Employees who work with electric current and perform work under high voltage, most often have pathology from the side of the cardiovascular system, with a tendency to damage the vessels in the form of: atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis, neurocirculatory dystonia and varicose veins of the lower extremities. The biggest indicators of the gastrointestinal tract inherent in this group are peptic ulcer 12 gut and gastritis. Haing analyzed the morbidity of employees whose work is related to the performance of a hazardous work, it was found that more diagnoses were combined. Almost all the main diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system are accompanied by an additional diagnosis in the form of presbyopia, which is an indicator of age-related changes in vision. There are also diagnoses with the defeat of two or even three systems of the body. It should be noted that the analysis of the incidence among workers performing hazardous activities gives us the opportunity to prevent the occurrence of complications of common diseases, to prevent the development of occupational diseases and injuries in the workplace.
Keywords: analysis of morbidity, hazardous activities, medical examinations
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