ISSN 2415-3060 (print), ISSN 2522-4972 (online)
  • 33 of 59
Up
УЖМБС 2016, 1(1): 158–164
https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs01.01.158
Biology

Definition of Embryotoxicity of Lead Acetate in Combination with Metal Citrates on Various Terms of Pregnancy in Rats

Kolosova I. I., Maior V. V., Belska I. O., Harets V.I., Shatorna V.F.
Abstract

The influence of lead compounds on human organism during prenatal and postnatal development is an important topic of discussing for modern scientists. Effects of lead exposure are multifaceted and cause wide range of changes in organs of human body. Particularly sensitive to lead exposure pregnant woman and fetus. So it is important to find ways to protect mother’s and child’s organism from the negative effects of lead. The aim of the research work: to investigate the effect of lead acetate and combination of lead acetate and solutions of iron, gold and silver citrates on the reproductive system and on embryogenesis of experimental animals. Identify possible embriotoxic and teratogenic action of lead acetate in isolated form and in combination with metal citrates. Study was conducted on 120 white mature pregnant female rats Wistar. All animals were divided into groups depending on the investigated substances and the stage at which were planning to remove the fetus from female organism. All rats were divided into 3 groups ( 24-25 animals in each group): Group I - females with12 days pregnant term, n = 24; Group II - females with16 days pregnant term, n = 24; III group - females with 20 days pregnant term, n = 24. Eeach group of pregnant females was divided into five subgroups: 1st subgroup - animals injected with solution of lead acetate at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg, n = 8; 2nd subgroup - animals injected with solution of lead acetate at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg and solution of gold citrate at a dose of 1.5 mcg/kg, n = 8; 3rd subgroup - animals injected with solution of lead acetate at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg and solution of silver citrate at a dose of 2 mcg/kg, n = 8; 4th subgroup - animals injected with solution of lead acetate at a dose of 0.05 mcg/kg and solution of iron citrate at a dose of 1.5 mcg/kg, n = 8; 5th subgroup – control, animals injected with distilled water), n = 8. Rats were mated by the standard scheme. First day of pregnancy was identified from the moment of determining of sperm in vaginal swab. Solutions of heavy metals and nanometals were injected to pregnant female through a tube once a day, at one and the same time. During the experiment observed the general condition, behavior of pregnant females, dynamics of body weight. Operative slaughter was performed on 12th, 16th and 20th day of pregnancy. Ovaries and uterus with embryo were separated. The animals were taken out of the experiment by an overdose of ether anesthesia. Number of corpora lutea was determined in ovaries. Number of live, dead and resorbed fetuses was determined in uterus. Fetuses were studied by macro- and microscopic methods of investigation, weighed. Fetus weight expressed in grams, ovaries, placenta and liver of fetus - in milligrams. 20th day fetuses were placed in Buen solution (Wilson’s method, 1986) for further study of internal organs. Embryotoxic effect of lead acetate and melal citrates was estimated by the next indicators: fertility index, total embryonic mortality, preimplant and postimplant mortality, number of fetuses per 1 female and fetal-placental ratio. Determination of teratogenicity was performed by conventional methods, according to Wilson. Indicators of teratogenic effects is the presence of external anomalies and anomalies of the internal organs. Embryotoxicity of lead acetate was found, which was manifested in a significant reduction in the number of live fetuses by 23% and increase fetal mortality 2.2 times in comparison with control group. The study showed that the combined injection of iron, gold, silver citrates against the background of the effects of lead prevents negative influence of lead acetate on the reproductive system and processes of embryonic development of fetus, which is manifested in the decrease of embryomortality and increasing the number of corpora lutea of pregnancy, number of live fetuses. In study was shown bioantagonism of silver, gold and iron. The most pronounced bioantogonism was observed in groups of combined influence of lead acetate and silver and gold citrates.

Keywords: embryonic development, silver citrate. gold citrate, iron citrate, lead acetate

Full text: PDF (Ukr) 216K

References
  1. Vnutriutrobnoe razvitie cheloveka. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachey. Pod redaktsiey professora AP Milovanova, professora SV Saveleva. M: MDV; 2006. 384 s.
  2. Dinerman AA. Rol zagryazniteley okruzhayuschey sredyi v narushenii embrionalnogo razvitiya. M: Meditsina; 1980. 191 s.
  3. Serdyuk AM, Gulich MP, Kaplunenko VG, i dr. Doklad dlya mezhdunarodnogo soveta po upravleniyu riskom. Upravlenie riskom dlya primeneniy nanotehnologiy v produktah pitaniya i kosmeticheskih sredstvah. Problemyi okruzhayuschey sredyi i prirodnyih resursov. Obzornaya informatsiya. Moskva. 2009;5:3-79.
  4. Zaytseva NV, Ulanova TS, Morozova YaS, i dr. Svinets v sisteme mat – novorozhdennyiy kak indikator opasnosti himicheskoy nagruzki v rayonah ekologicheskogo neblagopoluchiya. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2002; 4: 45–6.
  5. Shubina OS, Bardin VS, Melnikova NA, Kireeva YuV. Izmenenie morfologicheskogo sostoyaniya serdtsa kryis v usloviyah hronicheskoy intoksikatsii atsetatom svintsa. Fundamentalnyie issledovaniya. M: Akademiya estestvoznaniya. 2011; 7: 230–2.
  6. Izmerov NF. Svinets i zdorove. Gigienicheskiy i mediko-biologicheskiy monitoring. M: Nauka; 2000. 256 s.
  7. Melnikova NA, Shubina OS, Dudenkova NA, i dr. Issledovanie zhiznesposobnosti kletok pri vozdeystvii atsetata svintsa na organizm kryisyi. Sovremennyie problemyi nauki i obrazovaniya. 2013; 5. Available from: https://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=10588.
  8. Kartel MT, Tereschenko VP. Kontseptsiya metodologiyi identifikatsiyi ta toksikologichnih doslidzhen nanomaterialiv i otsinki riziku dlya lyudskogo organizmu ta dovkillya pri yih virobnitstvi i zastosuvanni. Himiya, fizika i tehnologiya poverhnosti: Mezhved sb nauch trud. 2008; 14: 565–83.
  9. Korbakova AI, Sorkina NS, Molodkina NN, i dr. Svinets i ego deystvie na organizm. Med truda i prom ekologiya. 2001; 5: 29–34.
  10. Krutsyak VM, AhtemIychuk YuT, Manchulenko DG, Slobodyan OM. Morfologichni peredumovi viniknennya prirodzhenih vad ta variantiv budovi zhinochih statevih organiv. Ukr med almanah. 2000; 3 (1): 34.
  11. Mudryiy IV, Petrova RP. Izuchenie embriotoksicheskogo i teratogennogo vozdeystviya svintsa na organizm belyih kryis. Gigiena i sanitariya. 1993; 4: 51-2.
  12. Narbutova TE. Morfologicheskoe obosnovanie ispolzovaniya erbisola dlya korrektsii negativnogo vliyaniya svintsa na reproduktivnuyu sistemu u myishey v eksperimente. Aktualni problemi suchasnoyi meditsini: Visnik UMSA. 2011; 11 (3): 66-9.
  13. Novinyuk L.V. Tsitratyi – bezopasnyie nutrientyi. Pischevyie ingredientyi. Syire i dobavki. 2009; 3: 70-1.
  14. Nozdrachev AD, Polyakov EL. Anatomiya kryisyi. Ob'ektyi biologii razvitiya. M: Nauka; 1975. s. 505–63.
  15. Serdyuk AM, Gulich MP, Kaplunenko VG, Kosinov NV. Perspektivyi ispolzovaniya dostizheniy nanotehnologii dlya resheniya problemyi defitsita mikroelementov v pitanii naseleniya. Materiali VI mizhnarodnoyi naukovo-praktichnoyi konferentsiyi «Aktualni pitannya ta organizatsiyno-pravovi zasadi spivrobitnitstva Ukraine ta KNR u sferi visokih tehnologiy». K; 2009. s. 135-40.
  16. Paranko NM, Rublevskaya NI, Belitskaya EN, i dr. Rol tyazhelyih metallov v vozniknovenii reproduktivnyih narusheniy. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2002; 1: 28-30.
  17. Romanenko OA, Dovgal GV, Shatorna VF. Doslidzhennya rozvitku sudinnogo rusla pechinki na etapah embriogenezu schuriv. Visnik problem biologiyi i meditsini. 2010; 3: 246–8.
  18. Setko NP, Zaharova EA. Kinetika metallov v sisteme mat-plod-novorozhdennyiy pri tehnogennom vozdeystvii. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2008; 6: 65-7.
  19. Biletska EM, Voronin KV, Potapov VA, ta in. Tehnogenne navantazhennya vazhkimi metalami ta zmIni glibokogo kisnevogo statusu u vagitnih v umovah intensivnoyi promislovoyi zoni. Medichni perspektivi. 2000; 83–9.
  20. Yakubchak OM, Kovalenko LV, Busol LV. Efektivnist vikoristannya nanokompozitu poroshku feromagnetika v yakosti mikrodobavki do kormu dlya kurchat-broyleriv. Naukoviy Visnik NUBIP Ukraine. 2010; 151 (2): 366–70.
  21. Hoshno A, Fujioka K, Oku T, Masakazu Suga, Yu F. Sasaki, Toshihiro Ohta, Masato Yasuhara, Kazuo Suzuki, Kenji Yamamoto. Physicochemical Properties and Cellular Toxicity of Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Depend on their Surface Modification. Nano Letters. 2004; 4 (11): 2163-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl048715d
  22. Oberdorster G, Maynard A, Donaldson K, Castranova V, Fitzpatrick J, Ausman K, Carter J, Karn B, Kreyling W, Lai D, Olin S, Monteiro-Riviere N, Warheit D, Yang H. Principles for Characterizing the Potential Human Helth Effects From Exposure to Nanomaterials: Elements of a Screening Strategy, Particle, Fibre. Toxicology. 2005; 2 (8): 235-46. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-2-8
  23. Shybina OS, Kireeva YuV, Smertina NA, et al. The interaction in the system mother-placenta-fetus in the conditions of exogenous influence of plumbum. European journal of natural history. 2010; 4: 13–6.